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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the most common cause of equine abdominal discomfort?
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Spasmodic colic!
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What is colloquially known as a "banamine deficiency"?
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Spasmodic colic
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Which equine colics are ACUTE?
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Spamodic colic
Flatulent Colic Large Colon Impaction Enteroliths (can be) Colon Displacements Volvuli/Torsions Grain overload SI impaction Sand colic Incarcerated SI (mesenteric rents, mesodiverticular bands, epiploic foramen entrapment) Pedunculated lipoma Gastrosplenic entrapment SI volvulus Intussuception Ascarid impaction Duodenitis proximal jejunitis |
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Which of the colics typically impact young animals? What else should probably be on your differential list for these?
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Small Colon Impaction (think about Salmonella also);
SI strangulation due to mesenteric rents, mesodiverticular bands; Intussusceptions; Ascarid impactions |
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Which of the colics do you really only find in older horses?
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Enteroliths
SI strangulation d/t pedunculated lipoma epiploic foramen entrapment |
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Rectal palpation will likely be diagnostic for which of the following:
a) Spasmodic colic b) Flatulent Colic c) Large colon impaction d) sand colic e) enteroliths |
b) Flatulent Colic
c) Large colon impaction |
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Gas or abdominal distention is commonly associated with which of the following?
a) Spasmodic colic b) Flatulent Colic c) Large colon impaction d) Enteroliths e) Colon strangulation |
b) flatulent colic
d) enteroliths e) Colon strangulation |
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Anorexia is a common sign of which of the following?
a) Spasmodic colic b) Flatulent Colic c) Large colon impaction d) sand colic e) enteroliths |
c) Large colon impaction
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What are postulated causes for enteroliths? Where are they commonly found? What is the pathogenesis?
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Foreign material or certain alfalfa hay; maybe water source;
Lodge in transverse colon, RDC, maybe pelvic flexure Acts like a one-way ball valve |
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Which colic is associated with diarrhea, weight loss, and diagnosis via ventral auscultation?
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Sand colic
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Which of the following can present with a intense and/or unrelenting pain?
a) Spasmodic colic b) Flatulent Colic c) Large colon impaction d) sand colic e) enteroliths |
b) Flatulent Colic (can be intense)
e) Enteroliths (can be unrelenting) |
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Which of the following may show abnormal abdominocentesis?
a) Spasmodic colic b) Flatulent Colic c) Large colon impaction d) sand colic e) enteroliths |
Large colon impaction
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How can sand colic be diagnosed? How can it be treated and/or prevented?
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Dx: via ventral auscultation, fecal sedimentation, maybe rads.
Tx: with Sx or psyllium (psyllium 1 week/month can be preventive) |
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T or F:
Cecal and small colon impactions are slow onset. |
True
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Fecal python =
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Small colon impaction
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If you go to do an abdominocentesis and get a blood that clots in your tube, how might you interpret this?
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You stabbed the spleeeeen! There might be a nephrosplenic entrapment, pulling the spleen to the right!
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In which of the following is rectal palpation usually diagnostic?
a) cecal impaction b) proximal enteritis c) colon strangulation d) nephrosplenic entrapment e) colon displacement |
a) cecal impaction
b) proximal enteritis d) nephrosplenic entrapment e) colon displacement (note - colon strangulation may be too far cranial to palpate!) |
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T or F:
Cecal impaction is the most common cause of cecal obstruction. |
Believe it or not - it's true!
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How are impactions treated?
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Aggressive fluid therapy (Oral + IV)
Analgesia Surgery (peri-op enema for small colon impactions) |
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Which of the following DOES typically have a favorable prognosis?
a) Small colon impactions b) Nephrosplenic entrapment c) Right dorsal displacement d) Colon strangulation e) cecal impaction |
a) Small colon impactions
b) Nephrosplenic entrapment c) Right dorsal displacement |
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Which of the following is characterized by decreased fecal passage?
a) cecal impactions b) colon strangulation c) small intestinal strangulation d) small colon impactions e) grain overload |
d) small colon impactions (is the only one from the notes - I think that cecal impaction could be argued)
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What is the normal heart rate for a horse? For a horse in moderate pain? Severe pain?
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32-44 normal
50-60 moderate pain 80-100 severe pain |
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Which colic receives a peri-operative enema with surgical treatment?
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Small colon impactions
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Colon displacement is named relative to where the _________ colon is in the abdomen.
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LEFT COLON
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What are the two main forms of colon displacement?
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Left dorsal (nephrosplenic entrapment)
Right dorsal |
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What are some non-surgical techniques for reducing a nephrosplenic entrapment?
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Roll 360 degrees (start on R lateral)
Phenylephrine + lunging |
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T or F:
Right dorsal colonic displacement must be reduced surgically due to its potential for rupture while nephrosplenic entrapment, with a lower rupture potential, can be reduced medically. |
False! Both have a potential for colon rupture!
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You note the absence of the left kidney on equine ultrasound. Which colic may cause this?
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Nephrosplenic entrapment of the colon
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What is the most painful and severe form of colic?
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Colon strangulation (torsion or volvulus)
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A 7yo horse that was in last week for some crazy ortho procedure presents with a mild colic with a HR of 60. Rectal palpation finds the large bowel engorged with a soft material. What is your TOP differential! Any others?
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1) Cecal impaction
2) maybe large colon impaction (but this would be more acute) |
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T or F:
There is often little to no vascular compromise in colonic displacements. |
True!
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What is the common signalment for colon strangulation?
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Post-parturient brood mare (30d out)
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How might a horse present with a strangulated colon?
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SEVERE COLIC
HR >80 Abdominal distention most likely post-parturient brood mare |
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How is a strangulated colon treated?
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SURGERY within 4 hours or colon is DEAD
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What are presurgical treatments for small intestinal strangulation?
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Treat shock first!
(NSAIDs, fluids, analgesics) |
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A serosanguinous abdominocentesis is indicative of...
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...Small intestinal strangulation
maybe nephrosplenic entrapment (but this should look like frank blood and CLOT) |
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Which colic happens more in fall/winter?
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Small colon impactions
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Which are FALSE regarding intussusceptions in horses?
a) it has a nematode association b) Foals and yearlings get them more often c) intussusceptum is inside the intussuscipiens d) cecocolic is the most common form |
a) it has a nematode association (NO, IT'S CESTODE)
d) cecocolic is the most common form (NO, IT'S ILEOCECAL ORIFICE) |
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Gastric decompression helps the most with which colic?
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Duodenitis Proximal jejunitis ;
Distended SI will decrease w/treatment |
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Which colic is associated with young rescue horses?
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Ascarid impaction
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Which colic may present with HR >100 at times?
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Grain overload
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Which colics may present with diarrhea?
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Grain overload
Sand colic |
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Which arteries are affected in verminous enteritis?
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Cranial mesenteric artery (textbook lesion)
Ileocecocolic artery too |
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You see a horse out in Scio that presents with severe pain, high protein in abdominocentesis, and has reflux. What is your top diagnosis? How will you treat this horse?
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Small intestinal strangulation;
bring him to surgery! |
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You see a horse out in Hotlanta that presents with severe pain, high protein in abdominocentesis, and has reflux. What is your top diagnosis? How will you treat this horse?
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Duodenitis Proximal jejunitis;
REFLUX, fluids and acid/base therapy, prokinetics, parenteral support, laminitis prevention, maybe explore if strangulation suspect |
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T or F:
The ONLY treatment for an ascarid impaction is surgery! |
True!
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