La 1: Carpus

Front 1

Views:

Back 1

LM
DLMPO
DMPLO
DP
Flexed Lateral
Skyline Views:

Hint 1

Distal row of carpal bones (most common)
Proximal row of carpal bones
distal radius

Front 2

Back 2

Lateral - Medial

Hint 2

two fat pads on dorsal surface
radial carpal bone - convex
intermediate carpal bone - concave
third carpal bone - convex
tendon sheath - extensor carpi radialis
three synovial joints

Front 3

Back 3

flexed lateral

Front 4

Back 4

DP - Dorsopalmar

Hint 4

radiolucent area is distal radius is normal

Front 5

Back 5

DLPMO

Front 6

Back 6

DMPLO

Front 7

Back 7

fifth carpal bone

Hint 7

Front 8

Back 8

distal row of carpal bones

Hint 8

radial facet is medial and the larger of the two facets

Front 9

Back 9

proximal row of carpal bones

Front 10

Back 10

distal radius

Front 11

degenerative joint disease
-radiographic findings:
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-Carpometacarpal joint
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Back 11

degenerative joint disease
-radiographic findings:
. Osteophytes
. Rounding of articular margins
.sclerosis or lucent zones of the subchondral trabecular bone
.joint capsule distension
.periarticular soft tissue swelling
.joint space narrowing

-Carpometacarpal joint
.narrowing, subchondral bone sclerosis and lucencies
.sometimes only 2nd and 4th carpal bone
.mild but chronic lameness

-Correlate findings to age of horse, conformation, previous performance and future work

Front 12

Back 12

osteophytes

Hint 12

Front 13

Back 13

Hint 13

Front 14

Back 14

intercarpal ligament desmitis

Front 15

Third carpal bone (C3) Sclerosis
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Back 15

Third carpal bone (C3) Sclerosis
- mild sclerosis is normal modelling of racehorses in training (adaptive)
.radial facet
-marked sclerosis of radial and/or intermediate facet is abnormal (pathologic)
-Radiographic findings
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Hint 15

-Radiographic findings
.loss of trabecular bone and cortiomedullary distinction
.lucent zones may be precursors of fractures (necrosis)
.middle carpal joint capsule distension

Front 16

Back 16

sclerosis radial facet
lucent regions

Hint 16

Front 17

Chip fractures
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Back 17

Chip fractures
- occur commonly in racehorses
- involve one articular surface
-most readily observed on flexed lateral view
-common sites:
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Hint 17

-common sites:
.distodorsal radius
.distodorsal radial carpal bone (medial aspect)
.proximodorsal radial facet of third carpal bone
.distodorsal intermediate carpal bone
.less commonly proximal radial carpal bone and intermediate carpal bone

Front 18

Back 18

chip fracture
distolateral aspect of the radius

Hint 18

Front 19

Back 19

chip fracture distomedial radial carpal bone

Hint 19

Front 20

Back 20

chip fracture

Hint 20

normal

Front 21

Slab fractures
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Back 21

Slab fractures
-involve proximal and distal articular surface
-can be dorsal (frontal) or sagittal plane
-C3 is most common, can be seen on other carpal bones
-usually seen with lateral view, but may need skylines
-usually develop as terminal event in cascade of nonadaptive remodeling

Front 22

Back 22

slab fracture

-DLPMO

Front 23

Back 23

-LM view
slab fracture

Hint 23

with flexion, fracture reduces

Front 24

osseous or subchondral cyst-like lesions
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Back 24

osseous or subchondral cyst-like lesions
-carpal bones, proximal aspect of the second of fourth metacarpal bones and distal aspect of the radius
-developmental abnormality, trauma or infection
- can be associated with lameness
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Hint 24

- can be associated with lameness
.articular lesions
.distomedial aspect of the radius
.ulnar carpal bone lesions with tearing of the lateral palmar intercarpal ligament

Front 25

Back 25

-DLPMO

osseous or subchondral cyst like lesion

Hint 25

normal

Front 26

Back 26

osseous or subchondral cyst like lesion

Front 27

Back 27

cyst in distal radius

Front 28

other signficant radiographic abnormalities
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Back 28

other signficant radiographic abnormalities
-soft tissue swelling
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-radial fractures
-physeal fractures
-osteochondroma of distal radius
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-infection

Hint 28

other signficant radiographic abnormalities
-soft tissue swelling
.periarticular
.articular
-radial fractures
-physeal fractures
-osteochondroma of distal radius
.distention of carpal sheath, lameness, resentment to pressure
.cartilage covered exostoses
-infection

Front 29

Back 29

soft tissue swelling
-ultrasound or injection of iodinated contrast medium for further diagnostic evaluation
-location of soft tissue swelling
-evaluate bone and joints

Front 30

Back 30

soft tissue swelling

Hint 30