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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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transitional element of the ER |
- smooth ER - helps new protein transition from the ER to the golgi complex |
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Modifications, which can occur within the Golgi |
glycosylation, sulfation, phosphorylation, protelysis |
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Mannose -6-phosphate |
- attached to acid hydrolase precursor, destined for the lysosome
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CLathrin-coated pit and vesicles |
- pit: contains M6P receptors - vesicle: fuses with endolysosome, which is acidic. the acid hydrolase then dissociates from M6p receptors |
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I-cell disease |
problem targeting acid hydrolase to lysosome |
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lysosomal storage dsease |
- inherited mutations of certain acid hydrolases, resulting in toxic buildup of macromolecules, which would normaly be digested by hydrolase.
ex) Hunter and Hurler syndrome, Tay Sachs disease |
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insulin secretion |
- released by regulated exocytosis - inducers of insulin secretion: epinephrine, glucose, amino acids (arginine) |
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sulfonylureas |
- stimulate insulin secretion from beta-cells by binding to the ATP-sensitive potassium channel
- induces channel closure, and cell depolarization |
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General transcription factors |
abundant proteins that assemble on all genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II |
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Specific transcription factors (gene regulatory proteins) |
very few copies - bind to specific DNA nucleotide sequence allow the gene to be activated or repressed |
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How do transcription factors alter the rate of transcription? |
- regulate the # of polymerase synthesizing RNA from the gene sequence
- gene regulatory proteins have 2 domains: DNA binding, transcription activating |
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fomivirsen |
- an antisense RNA molecule, drug - blocks replication of cytomegalovirus, which causes retinitis |
