L112 Test 3 Stack 1

Front 1

Which element is not present in DNA?

Back 1

sulfur

Front 2

In a nucleic acid, what chemical group is found in the 3' end and 5' end?

Back 2

hydroxyl group

Front 3

During which phase of the cellular cycle does replication take place?

Back 3

S phase

Front 4

The first experiment demonstrating that DNA was the molecule carrying hereditary information was made by?

Back 4

Hershey & Chase

Front 5

Which cell type has multiple origins of replication in its genome?

Back 5

Eukaryotic Cell

Front 6

DNA is:

Back 6

-semi-conservative
-proceeds in two directions from the origin of replication

Front 7

How many replication forks are generated from one OriC?

Back 7

2

Front 8

How are nucleotides added?

Back 8

5' deoxynucleotide triphosphates are added to 3' OH end of new strand

Front 9

What is providing the energy necessary to add a nucleotide in a forming strand?

Back 9

breaking bonds between the triphosphates

Front 10

What is the difference between the leading strand and lagging strand?

Back 10

leading strand is synthesized continuously and lagging is replicated through Okazaki fragments

Front 11

RNA primase=

Back 11

synthesizes RNA primer from DNA template

Front 12

DNA polymerase III=

Back 12

synthesizes DNA from DNA template and adds nucleotides

Front 13

DNA polymerase I=

Back 13

hydrolyzes RNA primer and replaces it with DNA. Also involved with repair

Front 14

Ligase=

Back 14

catalyzes phosphodiester bond between 2 fragments

Front 15

Topoisomerase=

Back 15

eliminates supercoiling to facilitate unwinding by helicase

Front 16

Helicase=

Back 16

unwinds double helix

Front 17

What is the function of single-strain binding proteins?

Back 17

they bind to one strand to make sure polymerase can do its job; stops DNA from recoiling

Front 18

Where does replication take place?

Back 18

nucleus

Front 19

Where does transcription occur?

Back 19

nucleus

Front 20

Where does translation occur?

Back 20

Rough ER or cytoplasm

Front 21

3' End

Back 21

The end of a strand of nucleic acid that has a hydroxyl (OH) group on the number 3 carbon of the deoxyribose or ribose and is not linked to another nucleotide

Front 22

phosphodiester bond

Back 22

the covalent bond that links ribonucleotides together to form RNA

Front 23

coding sequence

Back 23

the portion of DNA that contains the actual message for protein synthesis

Front 24

mRNA

Back 24

a molecule synthesized by complementary base pairing of ribonucleotides with deoxyribonucleotides to match a portion of one strand of DNA coding for a polypeptide or protein

Front 25

codon

Back 25

a series of three consecutive mRNA bases coding for one specific amino acid

Front 26

promoter

Back 26

a segment of DNA that determines what region of the DNA and which strand of DNA will be transcribed into RNA`

Front 27

RNA polymerase

Back 27

the enzyme that initiates transcription, joins the RNA nucleotides together, and terminates transcription

Front 28

termination site

Back 28

a "stop" signal at the end of a gene that causes the completed mRNA to drop off the gene

Front 29

precurser mRNA

Back 29

the RNA synthesized after RNA polymerase copies both the exons and the introns of a gene

Front 30

mature mRNA

Back 30

the RNA produced after noncoding regions (introns) are excised and coding regions (exons) are joined together by complexes of ribonucleoproteins called spliceosomes

Front 31

cap

Back 31

an unusual nucleotide, 7-methylguanylate, that is added to the 5' end of the pre-mRNA early in transcription. It helps ribosomes attach for translation

Front 32

introns

Back 32

Non-protein coding regions of DNA that are not part of the code for the final protein that are interspersed among the coding regions of DNA in most genes of higher eukaryotic cells

Front 33

exons

Back 33

the coding regions of DNA in most genes of higher eukaryotic cells that actually code for the final protein

Front 34

poly A tail

Back 34

a series of 100-250 adenine ribonucleotides that is added to the 3' end of the pre-mRNA

Front 35

anticodon

Back 35

a series of three tRNA bases complementary to a mRNA codon

Front 36

peptidyl-transferase

Back 36

the ribozyme that forms peptide bonds between amino acids during translation

Front 37

30s or 40s ribosomal subunit

Back 37

the ribosomal site that binds to mRNA to form the initiation complex

Front 38

A site

Back 38

the ribosomal site where aminoacyl-tRNA first attaches during translation

Front 39

P site

Back 39

the ribosomal site where the growing amino acid chain is termporarily being held by a tRNA as the next codon in the mRNA is being read

Front 40

aminoacyl tRNA

Back 40

a complex of amino acid and a tRNA molecule

Front 41

ribosome binding site

Back 41

the sequence of bases on mRNA to which a 30s or 40s ribosomal subunit first attaches

Front 42

nonsense or stop codon

Back 42

a series of three mRNA bases coding for no amino acid and thus terminates the protein chain

Front 43

initiation complex

Back 43

a complex consisting of a 30s or 40s ribosomal subunit, a tRNA having the anticodon UAC and carrying an altered form of the amino acid methionine (N-formylmethionine or f-Met), and proteins called initiation factors

Front 44

tRNA

Back 44

a three-dimensional, inverted cloverleaf-shaped molecule about 70 nucleotides long to which a specific amino acid can be attached; transports amino acids to the ribosome during translation