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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chapter 7/8 Vocabulary: Evolution & History of Life
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Word
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Definition
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Adaptation
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a characteristic that improves and individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
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species
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A group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce offspring.
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Evolution
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the process in which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations such that new species sometimes arise
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Fossil
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the trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock
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Fossil Record
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a historical sequence of life indicated by fossils found in layers of the Earth's crust
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Trait
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A genetically determined characteristic
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Selective Breeding
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the human practice of breeding animals or plants that have certain desired traits
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natural selection
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the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution.
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Generation Time
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The period between the birth of one generation and the next generation.
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Speciation
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the formation of new species as a result of evolution
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Fossil
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the trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commomly preserved in sedimentary rock
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Relative Dating
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any method of determining whether an event or object is older or younger than others events or objects
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Absolute Dating
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any method of measuring the age of an event or object in years
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geologic time scale
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the standard method used to divide the earth's long natural history into manageable parts
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Extinct
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describes a species that has died out completely
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Plate Tectonics
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the theory that explains how large piece of the earth's outermost layer, called tectonic plates, move and change shape
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