Kuntzman/tortora A&p Ch.19 Somatic & Special Senses

Front 1

Special senses?

Back 1

– Smell (olfaction)
– Taste (gustation)
– Vision
– Balance
– Hearing

Front 2

Somatic (body)?

Back 2

– Tactile
– Thermal
– Pain
– Propriception

Front 3

With general senses somatic visceral, touch, pressure, and vibration is what?

Back 3

Tactile

Front 4

With general senses somatic visceral, body awareness is what?

Back 4

Propriception

Front 5

Internal organ conditions?

Back 5

Visceral

Front 6

With sensation, conscious or subconscious does what?

Back 6

Change (stimulus in external or internal environment)

Front 7

With sensations, conscious or subconscious requires?

Back 7

– Stimulus
– Sensory Receptor
– Sensory Neuron
– Brain Regions Integrate Process Sensation

Front 8

Characteristics of sensations?

Back 8

– Perception
– Adaptation

Front 9

With characteristics of sensations, conscious awareness that occurred in the cerebral cortex is what?

Back 9

Perception

Front 10

With characteristics of sensations, decreased receptor sensitivity during prolonged stimulation is what?

Back 10

Adaptation

Front 11

With adaptation, perception may _____ or _____?

Back 11

– Fade
– Disappear

Front 12

The adaptation rate _____ with receptor type?

Back 12

Varies

Front 13

What are the 2 types of adaptation?

Back 13

– Rapidly Adapt
– Slowly Adapt

Front 14

With adaptation which type is pressure, touch, and smell?

Back 14

Rapidly Adapt

Front 15

With adaptation which type is pain, body position, and chemical receptors in blood vessels?

Back 15

Slowly Adapt

Front 16

Sensory receptor structural types?

Back 16

– Free Nerve Endings
– Encapsulated Nerve Endings
– Separate Specialized Cells

Front 17

With sensory receptor structural types, which type bare dendrites lacking any structural specializations?

Back 17

Free Nerve Endings

Front 18

With sensory receptor structural types, which type is touch, pressure, and vibration?

Back 18

Encapsulated Nerve Endings

Front 19

With sensory receptor structural types, which type is photoreceptors in the retina of the eye?

Back 19

Separate Specialized Cells

Front 20

Sensory receptor functional types?

Back 20

– Mechanoreceptors
– Thermoreceptors
– Nociceptors
– Photoreceptors
– Chemoreceptors
– Osmoreceptors

Front 21

Which sensory receptor functional type is touch, pressure, and vibration?

Back 21

Mechanoreceptor

Front 22

Which sensory receptor functional type is temperature?

Back 22

Thermoreceptor

Front 23

Which sensory receptor functional type is pain?

Back 23

Nociceptors

Front 24

Which sensory receptor functional type is light?

Back 24

Photoreceptor

Front 25

Which sensory receptor functional type is taste, smell?

Back 25

Chemoreceptor

Front 26

Which sensory receptor functional type is blood pressure?

Back 26

Osmoreceptor

Front 27

Touch receptors?

Back 27

– Meissener Corpuscles
– Hair Root Plexus
– Type I Mechanoreceptors (merkle discs)
– Type II Mechanoreceptors (ruffini corpuscles)

Front 28

Which touch receptor is located in the dermal papillae of the dermis?

Back 28

Meissener Corpuscles

Front 29

Which touch receptor surrounds and detects hair movement?

Back 29

Hair Root Plexus

Front 30

Which touch receptor is located in the stratum basale of epidermis?

Back 30

Type I Mechanoreceptors (merkle discs)

Front 31

Which touch receptor is located in the deep dermis?

Back 31

Type II Mechanoreceptors (ruffini corpuscles)

Front 32

With pressure and vibration receptors which one is pacinian corpuscles?

Back 32

Pressure Receptors

Front 33

With pressure and vibration receptors which one is rapidly repetitive stimuli?

Back 33

Vibration

Front 34

Free nerve endings located in every tissue except brain and detects pain?

Back 34

Nociceptors

Front 35

Types of pain?

Back 35

– Fast Pain
– Slow Pain
– Referred Pain

Front 36

Which type of pain is localized acute sharp or pricking pain, like a puncture or cut to the skin?

Back 36

Fast Pain

Front 37

Which type of pain is diffuse chronic burning, aching, and throbbing pain, like a toothache?

Back 37

Slow Pain

Front 38

Which type of pain is where organs refer pain to skin, both supplied by the same spinal cord segment (ex: kidneys is broadest)

Back 38

Referred Pain

Front 39

Pain relief?

Back 39

Analgesia

Front 40

Inhibit formation of chemicals that stimulate nociceptors?

Back 40

Aspirin and Ibuprofen

Front 41

Blocks conduction of nerve impulses?

Back 41

Novocain

Front 42

Alters pain perception in brain?

Back 42

Morphine

Front 43

Variety of treatments include counseling, relaxation, meditation, and exercise?

Back 43

Pain Management

Front 44

Awareness of body position, movements, and weight of objects?

Back 44

Propriception

Front 45

Types of propricepters?

Back 45

– Muscle Spindles
– Tendon Organs
– Joint Kinesthesia Receptors

Front 46

Which type of propriceptor monitors muscle length?

Back 46

Muscle Spindles

Front 47

Which type of propriceptor monitors tension in tendons?

Back 47

Tendon Organs

Front 48

Which type of propriceptor monitors movements and synovial joints?

Back 48

Joint Kinesthesia Receptors

Front 49

With olfaction (smell), what are the 3 types of olfactory cells?

Back 49

– Olfactory Receptors
– Supporting Cells
– Basal Cells

Front 50

Which type of olfactory cell is located in a superior region of the nasal cavity?

Back 50

Olfactory Receptors

Front 51

Which type of olfactory cell contains olfactory hairs that respond to chemicals?

Back 51

Olfactory Receptors

Front 52

Which type of olfactory cell are bundles of axons that form olfactory nerves?

Back 52

Olfactory Receptors

Front 53

Which type of olfactory cell supports and protects olfactory receptors?

Back 53

Supporting Cells

Front 54

Which type of olfactory cell is where stem cells produce new receptors?

Back 54

Basal Cells

Front 55

With gustation (taste), what are the 5 primary tastes?

Back 55

– Salt
– Sweet
– Sour
– Bitter
– Umami (savory)

Front 56

Taste perception involves _____ input (more sensitive)

Back 56

Olfactory

Front 57

_____ or _____ alter taste perception?

Back 57

– Allergies
– Cold

Front 58

3 types of papillae (elevations) of tongue?

Back 58

– Vallate
– Fungiform
– Fuliform

Front 59

Which type of papillae (elevations) of tongue has a V shaped row that contains taste buds?

Back 59

Vallate

Front 60

Which type of papillae (elevations) of tongue is mushroom shape and contain taste buds?

Back 60

Fungiform

Front 61

Which type of papillae (elevations) of tongue do not contain taste buds?

Back 61

Filliform

Front 62

With the structure of taste buds there are 3 types of cells?

Back 62

– Gustatory Receptors
– Supporting Cells
– Basal Cells

Front 63

With the structure of taste buds which type of cell contain gustatory hairs that respond to chemicals?

Back 63

Gustatory Receptors

Front 64

With the structure of taste buds which type of cell has stem cells that form new receptor cells?

Back 64

Basal Cells

Front 65

With vision and eyes, what accessory structures is for protection?

Back 65

– Eyebrows
– Eyelashes

Front 66

With vision and eyes, what accessory structure is for protection and lubrication?

Back 66

Eyelids

Front 67

With vision and eyes, what accessory structure moves eye?

Back 67

Extrinsic Muscles

Front 68

What are the 6 extrinsic muscles that move the eye?

Back 68

– Superior Rectus
– Inferior Rectus
– Lateral Rectus
– Medial Rectus
– Superior Oblique
– Inferior Oblique

Front 69

With vision and eyes, what accessory structure produces tears?

Back 69

Lacrimal Apparatus

Front 70

With eye layers this is the outer part?

Back 70

Fibrous Tunic

Front 71

With the fibrous tunic (outer), this is anteriorly?

Back 71

Cornea (clear, transparent portion)

Front 72

With the fibrous tunic (outer), this is posteriorly?

Back 72

Sclera (white of eye)

Front 73

With eye layers this is the middle part?

Back 73

Vascular Tunic

Front 74

What are the parts of the vascular tunic (middle)?

Back 74

– Chorid
–Ciliary Body
– Iris

Front 75

Which part of the vascular tunic (middle) contains blood vessels that nourish the eye?

Back 75

Chorid

Front 76

What are the 2 parts of the ciliary body of the vascular tunic?

Back 76

–Ciliary Process
–Ciliary Muscle

Front 77

Which part of the ciliary body produce aqueous humor?

Back 77

Ciliary Process

Front 78

Which part of the ciliary body is after shape of lens for focusing?

Back 78

Ciliary Muscle

Front 79

Which part of the vascular tunic (middle) is the colored part of the eye?

Back 79

Iris

Front 80

Which part of the vascular tunic (middle) is where smooth muscle dilates or constricts pupil?

Back 80

Iris

Front 81

With the Iris, this is a hole for passage of light?

Back 81

Pupil

Front 82

With eye layers this is the inner part?

Back 82

Retina

Front 83

The 2 layers of the retina (inner)?

Back 83

– Neural Layer
– Pigmented Layer

Front 84

The neural layer of the retina has 2 parts?

Back 84

– Photoreceptor Layer
– Ganglion Cell Layer

Front 85

Which part of the neural layer of the retina has rods and cones?

Back 85

Photoreceptor Layer

Front 86

Which part of the neural layer of the retina has ganglion cells that form the optic nerve (CN II) and exits eye at the optic disc " blind spot" (no rods/cones)?

Back 86

Ganglion Cell Layer

Front 87

With the retina, which of the 2 layers has melanocytes that produce melanin, and absorbs stray (excessive) light?

Back 87

Pigmented Layer

Front 88

With photoreceptor rods and cones, which one dims vision (black and white objects)?

Back 88

Rods

Front 89

With photoreceptor rods and cones, which one colors vision and resolution (sharpness)?

Back 89

Cones

Front 90

Cones are most concentrated in the _____ _____ (NO rods)

Back 90

Central Fovea

Front 91

With photoreceptor rods and cones which one is the point of highest visual acuity (resolution)?

Back 91

Cones

Front 92

With the inferior of the eyeball, what are the 2 cavities that are separated by the lens?

Back 92

– Anterior
– Posterior

Front 93

Which cavity has aqueous humor, secreted by ciliary processes?

Back 93

Anterior

Front 94

Which cavity produces intraocular pressure that maintain shape of eye?

Back 94

Anterior

Front 95

With the anterior cavity, this is the most common cause of blindness, and has abnormally high intraocular pressure?

Back 95

Glaucoma

Front 96

Which cavity is the vitreous chamber, behind the lens?

Back 96

Posterior

Front 97

What are the 3 steps in the physiology of vision?

Back 97

– A. Formation of Image on the Retina
– B. Stimulation of Photoreceptors
– C. Visual Pathway Where Nerve Impulses Pass to Occipital Lobe

Front 98

What are the 4 steps with the formation of image on the retina?

Back 98

– Refraction (bending)
– Accommodation
– Constriction (narrowing)
– Convergence

Front 99

Which step with the formation of image on the retina is bending of light rays by lens and cornea focuses them on the retina?

Back 99

Refraction

Front 100

Which step with the formation of image on the retina is where it changes the shape of the lens for near or distant vision?

Back 100

Accommodation

Front 101

Which step with the formation of image on the retina is narrowing of pupil that controls amount of light entering eye?

Back 101

Constriction

Front 102

Which step with the formation of the image on the retina is where this moves both eyes toward object?

Back 102

Convergence

Front 103

Bending light rays to focus image is in what step?

Back 103

Refraction

Front 104

With refraction _____% occurs at cornea?

Back 104

75%

Front 105

With refraction _____% occurs at lens?

Back 105

25%

Front 106

Lens increase curvature (thickens) for near vision is in what step?

Back 106

Accommodation

Front 107

The intrinsic muscle _____ , pulling chroid forward toward lens, and releases tension on lens increasing _____ and focusing _____?

Back 107

– Contracts
– Curvature
– Power

Front 108

What visual disorder can only see nearby objects?

Back 108

Myopia (nearsightedness)

Front 109

Myopia is corrected with _____ lens?

Back 109

Concave

Front 110

What visual disorder can only see distant objects?

Back 110

Hyperopia

Front 111

Hyperopia is corrected with _____ lens?

Back 111

Convex

Front 112

What visual disorder is irregular curvature of cornea or lens?

Back 112

Astigmatism

Front 113

What visual disorder is where aging reduces lens elasticity and ability to view nearby objects?

Back 113

Presbyopia

Front 114

What visual disorder is loss of lens transparency?

Back 114

Cataracts

Front 115

Which step with the formation of image on the retina is a parasympathetic reflex that prevents excessive light rays from entering eye?

Back 115

Constriction of Pupil

Front 116

With constriction of the pupil, the _____ muscles of Iris contract?

Back 116

Intrinsic

Front 117

Which step of the formation of image on retina is where both eyes move toward midline, focusing on one set of objects (binocular vision)?

Back 117

Convergence

Front 118

With convergence (binocular vision) what eye muscle contracts?

Back 118

Extrinsic

Front 119

With stimulation of photoreceptors what convert light rays into neural signals?

Back 119

Photoreceptors

Front 120

With stimulation of photoreceptors this is loss of rod vision?

Back 120

Night Blindness

Front 121

With the stimulation of photoreceptors this is absence or deficiency of cones?

Back 121

Color Blindness

Front 122

With the visual pathway, the primary visual area is located where?

Back 122

Occipital Lobe

Front 123

Name the parts of the ear structure?

Back 123

– Outer Ear
– Middle Ear
– Inner Ear

Front 124

Which part of the ear structure has auricle, external auditory canal, and the tympanic membrane (eardrum)?

Back 124

Outer Ear

Front 125

Canal contains ceruminous (earwax) glands and are part of what ear structure?

Back 125

Outer Ear

Front 126

Which part of the ear structure has auditory tube (eustachian tube) and auditory ossicles (bones)?

Back 126

Middle Ear

Front 127

The ossicles, malleus, incus, and stapes are part of what ear structure?

Back 127

Middle Ear

Front 128

What part of the ear structure has bony and membranous labyrinth?

Back 128

Inner Ear

Front 129

What are the parts of the inner ear?

Back 129

– Cochlea
– Vestibule and Semicircular Canals

Front 130

What part of the inner ear is for hearing, and contains a spiral organ?

Back 130

Cochlea

Front 131

What part of the inner ear is for balance?

Back 131

Vestibule and Semicircular Canals

Front 132

With the physiology of equilibrium (balance) what monitors body position to gravity?

Back 132

Static Equilibrium

Front 133

Linear acceleration or deceleration, speeding up or slowing down in a car is an example of what type of equilibrium?

Back 133

Static Equilibrium

Front 134

With the physiology of equilibrium (balance) what monitors body position in response to rotational (spinning) movements?

Back 134

Dynamic Equilibrium

Front 135

An inflammation of the conjunctiva?

Back 135

Conjunctivitis (pink eye)

Front 136

Which deafness type is where there is damage to the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

Back 136

Sensor Neural

Front 137

Which deafness type is impairment of the ear structures that transmit sound waves?

Back 137

Conduction

Front 138

Earache?

Back 138

Otaglia

Front 139

Sensation of spinning?

Back 139

Vertigo