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306 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Exaggerated over-curvature of thoracic area of vertebral column
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kyphosis
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Lateral deviation of vertebral column
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scoliosis
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Major feature of cervical vertebrae
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transverse foramina
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Vertebra located at level of iliac crest
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l4
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Ligament that connects internal surface of laminae of vertebrae
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ligamentum flavum
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Ligament that checks hyperextension of vertebral column
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anterior longitudinal
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Ligament affected with whiplash injury
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anterior longitudinal
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Ligament which limits skull rotation
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alar
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Defective portion of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in cervical area
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pedicle
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Defective portions of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in lumbar area
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Pars Interarticularis; Lamina
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Common direction of all superior articular facets of vertebrae
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posterior
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Structure in contact with posterior surface of dens
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Transverse Ligament of Atlas (part of cruciate ligament)
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Most commonly herniated intervertebral disc
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L4/L5
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Most common nerve compressed with herniated intervertebral disc
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L5
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Spinal nerve affected by protrusion of the disc between C5/6
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C6
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Thoracic intercostal space located deep to triangle of auscultation
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sixth
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Vertebral level of lumbar puncture
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L4
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Innervation of suboccipital muscles
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suboccipital nerve
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Roof of suboccipital triangle
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semispinalis capitis
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Floor of suboccipital triangle
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Posterior Arch of the atlas; Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
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Major vessel within suboccipital triangle
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vertebral artery
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Synonym for dorsal ramus of C2
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Greater Occipital nerve
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Inferior extent of dura - arachnoid sac
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sv2
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Inferior extent of spinal cord
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LV2
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Inferior extent of spinal cord
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extradural (epidural) space
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Most frequently fractured bone of body
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clavicle
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Most frequently dislocated carpal bone
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lunate
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Most frequently fractured carpal bone
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scaphoid
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Name of fracture of distal radius that produces "dinner fork" appearance
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colles' fracture
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Nerve injured with fracture of surgical neck of humerus
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axillary
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Nerve injured with fracture of medial humeral epicondyle
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ulnar
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Nerve injured with fracture of shaft of humerus
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radial
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Nerve injured with wrist drop
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radial
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Muscle that is chief flexor and chief extensor at shoulder joint
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deltoid
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Muscles innervated by axillary nerve
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Deltoid, teres minor
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Muscle that initiates abduction of arm
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supraspinatus
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Most commonly torn tendon of rotator cuff
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supraspinatus
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Two muscles that rotate scapula for full abduction of arm
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Trapezius, serratus anterior
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Tendon that courses through shoulder joint
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Long head of biceps
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Chief supinator muscle of hand
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Biceps brachii
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Injury to what nerve causes winged scapula
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Long thoracic nerve
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spinal levels of axillary nerve
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c5 and c6
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spinal levels of muscle of hand
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c8 and t1
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dermatome thumb
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c6
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Nerve to thenar compartment
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Recurrent branch of median
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Innervation of all interosseous muscles
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Ulnar (deep branch)
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Region affected by upper trunk injury of brachial plexus
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Shoulder muscles
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Region affected by lower trunk injury of brachial plexus
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Intrinsic hand muscles
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Nerve compressed with carpal tunnel syndrome
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median
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Nerve affected by cubital tunnel syndrome
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ulnar
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Paralysis of which results in total "claw" hand
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Lumbricals
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Boundaries of femoral triangle
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Inguinal ligament, sartorius, adductor longus
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Structure immediately lateral to femoral sheath
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Femoral Nerve
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Structure immediately medial to femoral artery in femoral sheath
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Femoral Vein
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Contents of femoral canal
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Deep inguinal lymph node
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Medial boundary of femoral ring
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Lacunar Ligament
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Structures that course throughout entire length of the adductor canal
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Femoral Artery and vein
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Structures that course through only portion of the adductor canal
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Saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis, descending genicular vessels
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Muscle that forms floor of popliteal fossa
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popliteus
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Muscle that is chief flexor at hip joint
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iliopsoas
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Muscle that prevents pelvis from tilting when walking
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gluteus medius
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Muscle that extends leg
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quadriceps femoris
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Muscle that unlocks knee joint
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Popliteus
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Muscle affected with "foot slap"
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Tibialis Anterior
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Chief invertors of foot
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Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior
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Chief elevators of foot
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Fibularis Longus and fibularis brevis
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Ligament that checks backward displacement of femur on tibia
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Anterior Cruciate
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ligament laxity with positive valgus maneuver
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Medial Collateral
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Most commonly injured ankle ligament
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Anterior talofibular
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Ligament stretched with "flat foot
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Spring (calcaneonavicular)
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Joints for movements of inversion and eversion
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Subtalar and transverse tarsal (midtarsal)
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Major artery to head of femur in adult
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Medial femoral circumflex
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Nerve affected with fracture of head and neck of fibula
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Common fibular
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Tendon affected with avulsion fracture of fifth metatarsal bone
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Fibularis brevis
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Innervation of adductor magnus
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Obturator, tibial portion of sciatic nerve
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Nerve affected with tarsal tunnel syndrome
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Tibial
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Cutaneous innervation to medial side of foot
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Saphenous (L4)
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Cutaneous innervation to lateral side of foot
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Sural (S1)
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Cutaneous innervation to heel
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Tibial
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Cutaneous innervation to dorsal aspect of web between toes 1 and 2
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Deep fibular
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Cutaneous innervation to most of dorsum of foot
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Superficial fibular
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Major dermatome to big toe
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L4
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Dermatome to small toe
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S1
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Spinal level of patellar reflex
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L4
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Spinal level of Achilles reflex
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S1
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Locking of knee when walking suggests
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Meniscus Injury (tear)
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Major injury triad with lateral impact to knee
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Medial collateral, medial meniscus, anterior cruciate
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Dermatome around nipple
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T4
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Vertebral level at inferior angle of scapula
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TV7
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Structure that lies immediately posterior to manubrium
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THYMUS
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Rib related to oblique fissure of lung posteriorly
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2nd rib
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Rib paralleled by horizontal fissure of right lung
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4th rib
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Inferior extent of lung at midciavicular line
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6th rib
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Inferior extent of pleura in midclavicular line
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8th rib
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Inferior extent of lung in midaxillary line
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8th rib
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Inferior extent of pleura in midaxillary line
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10th rib
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Inferior extent of lung posteriorly
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10th rib
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Inferior extent of pleura posteriorly
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12th rib
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Innervation of costal pleura
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Intercostal nerves
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Innervation of mediastinal pleura
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Phrenic nerve
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Site for auscultation of pulmonary valve
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Left 2nd interspace
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Site for auscultation of aortic valve
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Right 2nd interspace
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Site for auscultation of tricuspid valve
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Xiphisternal joint
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Site for auscultation of mitral valve
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Left 5th interspace midclavicular line
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Heart chamber with greatest sternocostal projection
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right ventricle
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chamber that forms the apex of the heart
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left ventricle
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major chamber that forms the base of the heart
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left atrium
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Heart chamber that contains moderator band
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Right ventricle
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Artery that determines coronary dominance
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Posterior interventricular
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Usual origin of SA and AV nodal arteries
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Right coronary artery
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location of the sa node
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christa terminalis
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Major vessel that drains musculature of heart
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coronary sinus
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innervation of fibrous pericardium
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phrenic nerve
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Most common cause of systolic ejection murmur
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aortic stenosis
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Rib associated with sternal angle
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Second rib
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Vertebral level associated with sternal angle
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Disc between TV 4 - TV5
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Location of ductus arteriosus
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Between left pulmonary artery and aorta
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Nerve potentially injured with repair of patent ductus arteriosus
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Left recurrent laryngeal
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Veins that unite to form brachiocephalic
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Subclavian and internal jugular
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Veins that unite to form superior vena cava
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right and left brachiocephalic
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Termination of azygos vein
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Superior vena cava
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Structures that lie to right and left of thoracic duct
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Azygos vein, aorta
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Spinal levels of greater splanchnic nerve
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T5 - 9
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Spinal levels of lesser splanchnic nerve
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T10-11
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Spinal levels of least splanchnic nerve
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T12
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Thoracic structures that can compress esophagus
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Left bronchus, aorta, diaphragm
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Disease often associated with thymoma
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MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
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Remnant of umbilical vein
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Round ligament of liver
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Dermatome to umbilical area
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t10
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Dermatome to suprapubic area
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L1
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Vertebral level associated with origin of celiac artery
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t12
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Vertebral level associated with origin of superior mesenteric artery
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L1
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Vertebral level associated with origin of renal arteries
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L2
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Vertebral level associated with origin of gonadal arteries
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L2
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Vertebral level associated with origin of inferior mesenteric artery
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L3
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Vertebral level of umbilicus
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DISC L3/L4
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Vertebral level of aorta bifurcation
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L4
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Vertebral level for formation of lVC
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L5
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Spinal levels to muscles of anterior abdominal wall
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T7-L1
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Structure that forms superficial inguinal ring
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Aponeurosis of External oblique
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Structure that forms deep inguinal ring
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Transversalis fascia
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Structure that forms floor of inguinal canal
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Inguinal ligament
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Bony attachments of inguinal ligament
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ASIS and pubic tubercle
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Structures that form conjoined tendon
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Internal Oblique and transverses abdominus
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Abdominal layer continuous with external spermatic fascia
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External oblique
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Abdominal layer continuous with cremasteric fascia
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Internal oblique
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Abdominal layer continuous with internal spermatic fascia
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Transversalis fascia
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Structure that lies between protrusion sites of direct and indirect inguinal hernias
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Inferior epigastric artery
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Type of hernia that enters deep inguinal ring
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Indirect inguinal
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Most common type of hernia
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Indirect inguinal
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Most common side for indirect inguinal hernia
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right
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Type of hernia that protrudes through Hesselbach's triangle
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Direct inguinal
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Boundaries of Hesselbach's triangle
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Inguinal ligament, rectus abdominus, inferior epigastric artery and vein
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Type of hernia that traverses both deep and superficial rings
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Indirect inguinal
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Fluid in processus vaginalis
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Hydrocele
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Communication between greater and lesser sacs
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Epiploic foramen
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Superior border of epiploic foramen
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Caudate lobe of liver
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Inferior border of epiploic foramen
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part one of duodenum
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Posterior border of epiploic foramen
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IVC
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Ligament that contains portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct
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Hepatduodenal (lesser omentum)
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Hepatduodenal (lesser omentum)
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Phrenicocolic ligament Hepatduodenal (lesser omentum)
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Structure that limits spread of ascitic fluid within infracolic compartment
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Root of mesentery
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Superior extent of right paracolic gutter
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Hepatorenal recess
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Most inferior portion of peritoneal cavity in female
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Rectouterine pouch
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Structures supplied by celiac artery
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Stomach, duodenum, liver, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas
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Branches of celiac artery
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Left gastric, common hepatic, splenic
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Blood supply to stomach
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Right and left gastroepiploics, right, left and short gastrics
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Major structures of stomach bed
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Pancreas, spleen, left kidney and suprarenal, diaphragm
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Ducts that join to from common bile duct
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Cystic and common hepatic
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Structure that separates right and left lobes of liver
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Falciform ligament
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Origin of cystic artery
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Right hepatic artery
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Ribs directly related to spleen
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Ribs 9-11
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Organs related to spleen
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Stomach, colon, left kidney and tail of pancreas
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Artery to small intestine
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SMA
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Organs supplied by both celiac artery and SMA
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Duodenum, pancreas
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Organ supplied by both SMA and IMA
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Transverse colon
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Vessel located posterior to head of pancreas
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IVC
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Vessel located posterior to neck of pancreas
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Portal Vien
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Veins that unite to form portal vein
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Splenic, superior mesenteric
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Clinically important organs for portacaval anastomoses
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Esophagus, rectum, liver
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Two structures that lie posterior to SMA near Its origin
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Left renal vein, duodenum
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Three distinguishing features of large intestine
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Tenia coli, Haustra, and fatty appendages
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Termination of left ovarian (testicular) vein
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Left renal vein
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Termination of right ovarian (testicular) vein
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IVC
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Location of initial pain of appendicitis
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Umbilical region
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Motor innervation of diaphragm
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phrenic
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Sensory innervation of diaphragm
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Phrenic, intercostal nerves
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Spinal levels of phrenic nerve
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C3- 5
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Vertebral level that inferior vena cava traverses diaphragm
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T8
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Vertebral level that esophagus traverses diaphragm
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T10
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Structures that traverses diaphragm with esophagus
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Right and left vagus nerves
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Vertebral level that aorta traverses diaphragm
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T12
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Structure that traverses diaphragm with aorta
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Thoracic duct
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Structures that traverses diaphragm through crura
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Greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves
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Structure that separates pelvis and perineum
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Pelvic diaphragm
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Two major components of pelvic diaphragm
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levator ani, coccygeus
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Two major components of levator ani
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Pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus
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Two muscles which close lateral pelvic wall
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Obturator internus, piriformis
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Means by which obturator intern us exits pelvis
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Lesser sciatic foramen
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Means by which piriformis exits pelvis
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Greater sciatic foramen
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Innervation of detrusor muscle
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Pelvic splanchnics (S2 - 4)
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Remnant of umbilical arteries
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Medial umbilical ligaments
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Chief artery to rectal mucosa
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Superior rectal
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Most common type of pelvic inlet in females
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Gynecoid
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Two remnants of gubernaculum in females
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Ovarian ligament, round ligament
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Ligament that contains ovarian vessels
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Suspensory ligament of ovary
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Lymph nodes for ovary and testis
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Lateral aortic (lumbar)
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"Normal" position of uterus
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Anteverted, anteflexed
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Chief uterine support
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Pubococcygeus
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Ligament that contains uterine vessels
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lateral cervical (cardinal)
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Structure potentially injured with hysterectomy
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ureter
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Relation of ureter to uterine artery
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Ureter is inferior and posterior
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Structure that separates deep and superficial perineal spaces
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Perineal membrane (Inferior fascia of UGD)
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Bony landmarks between anal and UG triangles
|
ischial tuberosities
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Lateral wall of ischioanal fossa
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Fascia of obturator internus
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Structure that forms pudendal canal
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Fascia of obturator internus
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Structure that separates internal and external hemorrhoids
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Pectinate line
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Lymph nodes for area superior to pectinate line of anal canal
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Internal iliac, inferior mesenteric
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Lymph nodes for area inferior to pectinate line of anal canal
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Superficial inguinal
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Major structure of deep perineal space
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Sphincter urethrae
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Lymph nodes for glans penis
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Deep inguinal
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Muscle which compresses bulb of penis
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bulbospongiosus
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Muscle which compresses crus of penis
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Ischiocavernosus
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Muscles which meet at perineal body
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Superficial and deep perinei, bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter, pubococcygeus
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Vertebral level of hyoid bone
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CV3
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Vertebral level of thyroid cartilage
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CV4/5
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Vertebral level of cricoid cartilage
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CV6
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Muscles that are innervated by CN XI
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Trapezius, sternocleidomastoid
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Structures that course between anterior and middle scalene
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Brachial plexus, Subclavian artery
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Innervation of omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid
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Ansa cervicalis
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Innervation of digastric muscle
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Anterior belly, CN V3 Posterior belly, CN VII
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Innervation of carotid sinus and carotid body
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CN IX, CN X
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Major structures to pass through pharyngeal wall superior to superior constrictor muscle
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Auditory tube levator veli palatini
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Nerves of pharyngeal plexus
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CN IX, CN X. sympathetics
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Only muscle innervated by CN IX
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STYLOPHARYNGEUS
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Structures that pierce thyrohyoid membrane
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Internal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal artery
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Only muscle to abduct vocal cords
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Posterior cricoarytenoid
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Innervation of cricothyroid
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External laryngeal nerve
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Innervation of laryngeal muscles exclusive of cricothyroid
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Recurrent laryngeal
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Muscle that increases tension on vocal cords
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Cricothyroid
|
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Sensory nerve to larynx superior to vocal cords
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Internal laryngeal
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Sensory nerve to larynx inferior to vocal cords
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Recurrent laryngeal
|
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Site of aspirated lodged fishbone
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Piriform recess
|
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Afferent - efferent limbs of gag reflex
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CN IX – CN X
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Afferent - efferent limbs of cough reflex
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CN X - CN X
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Nerve injury that causes hoarseness following thyroid surgery
|
Recurrent laryngeal
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Chief structures that traverse internal acoustic meatus
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CN VII and VIII
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Foramen where CN VII exits skull
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Stylomastoid foramen
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Major arterial supply to calvaria and supratentorial dura
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Middle meningeal
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Major cutaneous nerve of face
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CNV
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Major artery to internal structures of head
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Maxillary
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Spinal levels of sympathetic fibers to head
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T1 and T2
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Autonomic ganglion for CN III
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Ciliary
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Sensory ganglion for CN VII
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Geniculate
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Autonomic ganglia for CN VII
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Submandibular, Pterygopalatine
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Autonomic ganglion for CN IX
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OTIC
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Muscle attached to disc of TMJ
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lateral pterygoid
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Muscle which retracts mandible
|
Temporalis
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Major nerve to TMJ (pain with TMJ syndrome)
|
Auriculotemporal
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Specific nerves that elicit secretion from parotid gland
|
Tympanic branch of CN IX; lesser petrosal
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Branch of CN V that carries parasympathetics to parotid
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auriculotemporal
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Structure that opens into superior meatus of nasal cavity
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Posterior ethmoid sinus
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Structures that opens into middle meatus of nasal cavity
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Frontal, maxillary, anterior and middle ethmoidal sinuses
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|
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Structure that opens into inferior meatus of nasal cavity
|
Nasolacrimal duct
|
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Major artery to nasal cavity
|
Sphenopalatine
|
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Most common site of nose bleed
|
Kiesselbach’s plexus
|
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Innervation of levator veli palatini
|
CNX
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Muscle that opens auditory tube
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Tensor veli pallatini
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Innervation of tensor veli palatini
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CN V3
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Nerve that provides taste to anterior 2/3rds of tongue
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Chorda tympani
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Site of cell bodies for nerve that has taste to anterior 2/3rds of tongue
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Geniculate ganglion
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Specific nerve that elicits secretion from submandibular gland
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Chorda tympani
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Branch of CN V that carries parasympathetics to submandibular
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Lingual
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Nerve injured when tonsillar pillars sag and uvula deviates
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Vagus
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Nerve potentially injured with tonsillectomy
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Glossopharyngeal
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Muscle that protrudes tongue
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Genioglossus
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Nerve injured when deviation of protruded tongue
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Ipsilateral CN XII
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Specific nerve that stimulates tear production
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Greater petrosal (CN VII)
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Sensory nerve to cornea
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CN V1 (nasociliary)
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Muscle that elevates and abducts eye
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Inferior oblique
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Muscle that depresses and abducts eye
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Superior oblique
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Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicit dilation of pupil
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Lateral horn, T1 and T2
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Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicit dilation of pupil
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Superior Cervical ganglion
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Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicit constriction of pupil
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Edinger westphal nucleus
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Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicit constriction of pupil
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Ciliary ganglion
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Innervation of external surface of tympanic membrane
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Auriculotemporal, CN X
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Innervation of internal surface of tympanic membrane
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. Innervation of internal surface of tympanic membrane
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Level where ascending aorta is continuous with arch of the aorta
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TV4 / TV5
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Level where the arch of the aorta is continuous with the descending aorta
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TV4 /TV5
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Effect of sympathetic nerves on the lungs
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Bronchodilation, Vasoconstriction
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Effects of parasympathetic nerves on the lungs
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Bronchconstriction, Vasodilation, Glandular secretion
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Rationale for aspired small objects to go to the right pulmonary primary bronchus
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Wider diameter, shorter, more vertical
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Needle location for therapeutic pleural tapping
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Superior to the 12th rib posteriorly
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Name given to portion of right ventricle prior to beginning of pulmonary trunk
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Conus arteriosus or Infundibulum
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Name given to orientation where the uterus and vagina intersect at an angle of 90 degrees
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Anteversion
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Name given to orientation where uterine body and cervix intersect at angle of 10-15 degress
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anteflexion
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Ridge located between the sinus venarum and right auricle
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Crista terminalis
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Nerve at risk when repairing a patent ductus arteriosus surgically
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Left recurrent laryngeal
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Nerve at risk when performing thyroidectomy surgically
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BOTH left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves
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Specific muscle that holds the patella in place
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Vastus medialis
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First portion of quadriceps femoris to atrophy with injury to femoral nerve
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vastus medialis
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First portion of quadriceps femoris to atrophy with injury to femoral nerve
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vastus medialis
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Last portion of quadriceps femoris to recover following injury
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vastus medialis
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Innervation to nail bed of middle finger
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median nerve
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Innervation to nail bed of ring finger
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Ulnar and median
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Spinal nerve affected with herniated disc at L3/L4
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L4
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