Lec 1

Front 1

Central Nervous system

Back 1

The brain, brain stem and the spinal cord. The job of the CNS is mostly focused in the brain and the spinal cord where most subconscious thoughts occur. The brain processes information received from the PNS and also relaying information to the PNS for implementation. The main conduit of the CNS is the spinal cord.

Front 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 2

The nerves and ganglion that exist outside the brain and the spinal cord. The main job of PNS is to relay information throughout the body and to gather input from the body and relay it back to the brain through the spinal cord.

Front 3

Somatic NS

Back 3

Voluntary control. The somatic NS oversees the voluntary control of the skeletomuscular system, such as bodily movements of the muscles, skin and bones.

Front 4

Autonomic NS

Back 4

Involuntary control. The autonomic NS oversees involuntary control of the body such as breathing, digestion, operation and function of the organs, involuntary control of the smooth muscles.

Front 5

Saggital plane

Back 5

Left/Right plan when facing the person.

Front 6

Coronal plane

Back 6

Front/Back plane when facing the person

Front 7

Axial/Traverse plane

Back 7

Bottom/Top plane when facing the person.

Front 8

Superior/Dorsal

Back 8

Top part of the brain

Front 9

Inferior/Ventral

Back 9

Bottom part of the brain

Front 10

Anterior/Rostral

Back 10

Front part of the brain, behind the face.

Front 11

Posterior/Caudal

Back 11

The rear part of the brain.

Front 12

Medial

Back 12

The Medial line is down the middle from front to back.

Front 13

Lateral

Back 13

The lateral part(s) of the brain are located on the sides from human perspective.

Front 14

White matter

Back 14

Made up of mostly myelinated axons and other information transmitter cells. This is the "information highway" of the brain.

Front 15

Grey matter

Back 15

Made up of mostly unmyelinated axons.

Front 16

Hemispheres

Back 16

There exists two hemispheres of the brain evenly divided down the medial line to right/left hemisphere.

Front 17

Ventricles

Back 17

Ventricles produce CerebroSpinal Fluid (CSF), which creates a buffer between the cerebral cortex and the inside of the skull. The CSF play a big role in the blood flow of the brain and cerebral autoregulation.

Front 18

Frontal lobe

Back 18

Responsible for motor functions, language productions, personality, planning.

Front 19

Temporal lobe

Back 19

"what" pathway, memory, auditory cortex, language perception.

Front 20

Parietal lobe

Back 20

Attention, sensorimotor, somatosensori cortex.

Front 21

Occipital lobe

Back 21

Exclusively reserved for visual processing.

Front 22

Brain stem

Back 22

Provides the main sensory and motor functions of the face and the neck. All sensory nerves passing trough the brain stem to the rest of the body. The brain stem regulates the CNS.

Front 23

Hindbrain

Back 23

Medula, Cerebellum, Pons.

medula: respiration, heart rate
cerebellum: cognitive functions
pons: digestion, sleeping

Front 24

Midbrain

Back 24

The midbrain controls many autonomous and manual functions such as sleeping/wake cycle, alertness, vision, hearing, temperature regulations.

Front 25

Diencephalon

Back 25

Thalamus: Relay center of the brain, relays inputs to the relevant cortexes of the brain.

Hypothalamus: Hormone and autonomic control. Regulates hormone, hunger, temperature and other cycles.

Front 26

Limbic system

Back 26

Responsible for memory and emotions

Front 27

Basal ganglia

Back 27

Group of structures in the thalamus which are overseeing motor and motor learning fucntions.

Front 28

Gyri

Back 28

bumps on the surface of the brain

Front 29

Sulci

Back 29

grooves on the brain surface

Front 30

Cortical layers

Back 30

There are 6 layers of the cerebral cortex, which are distinctly differ in density and has corresponding different functions.

Front 31

Brodmann's areas

Back 31

Histological classifications.