Korean- English: Suffixes

Front 1

N-께서

여: 할머니께서

Back 1

Suffix added to titles to indicate the subject of the sentence in honorific speech, replacing the ending -가

Front 2

V-아!

여: 가!

Back 2

Imperative (impolite form) meaning: do sth

Example: go!

Front 3

1. V-어요! (Verbstem ending on consonant)

여: 먹다 -> 먹어요!

2. V-요! (Verbstem ending on vowel)

여: 가 -> 가요!

Back 3

Imperative (informal form) meaning: do sth

Examples:

1. Eat!

2. Go!

Front 4

V-아

여: 자

Back 4

Suggestive (impolite form). Very similar to the impolite imperative. Meaning: you should do sth

Example: you should sleep

Front 5

1. V-어요! (Verbstem ending on consonant)

여: 먹다 -> 먹어요

2. V-요! (Verbstem ending on vowel)

여: 가 -> 가요

Back 5

Suggestive (informal)

Same as imperative but less strong, meaning: Let's do sth or you should do something

Examples:

1. Let's eat / You should eat

2. Let's go /

Front 6

(Location noun)-에서

Back 6

Suffix indication a location, meaning: in / inside

(German: im)

Front 7

1. (Location noun)-에

2. (time noun)-에

Back 7

1. Suffix indicating a location, meaning: at / in (a place)

2. suffix indicating a time, meaning: at (a certain time)

Front 8

-네요

여: 그렇네요

Back 8

Sentence ending to indicate agreement

Example: yes, that's right

Front 9

-죠

Short for: -지요

여: 그렇죠?

Back 9

Sentence ending translating to: of course / isn't it? / right?

Example: right?

Front 10

-를 / -을 수도 있어요

Back 10

Sentence ending indicating that a certain possibility also exists, translating to: might

Front 11

- 그래

Back 11

Sentence ending indicating a friendly manner of speech

Front 12

-에서

여:

Q: 어디에서 점심을 먹어요?

A: 집에서 먹어요

Back 12

Suffix indicating a location / place, translating to: in / at

Example:

Q: where do you eat?

A: I eat at home

Front 13

-은 / -는 것같아요

Back 13

Sentence ending, meaning: in my opinion/ I think / it seems like / it looks like / it feels like

Front 14

-지

예: 그렇지?!

Back 14

Informal sentence ending indicating that the speaker wants the listener to agree with him

Example: isn't it?!

Front 15

-은 / -는 데요

Short for: 그런데

예: 네, 맞는데요...(누구세요?)

Back 15

Sentence ending translating to

1. But

2. And....

3. What now?

4. So what?

Indicating that the story hasn't ended yet and the pointe is going to follow

Example: yes, that's right, and...(who are you)?

Front 16

-까지

여: 한 시까지 아르바이트 해요

Back 16

Preposition indicating an ending point in time, translating to: to / up to / until (a certain time)

Example: I work until 1 o'clock

Front 17

죄-

Back 17

Prefix to indicate the highest form of sth, translating to: worst, best, most, etc.

Front 18

(noun)-ㅂ니다

여:

1. 의자입니다

2. 네, 한국 사람입니다

Back 18

Verb ending in present tense formal speech, translating to: he / she / it is

Examples:

1. It's a chair

2. Yes, she is Korean

Front 19

(Verbstem)-세요

Back 19

Verb ending to indicate polite imperative / suggestive, translating to: please, (verb)!

Front 20

(Verbstem)-해요

여: 몇시에 아르바이트해요?

Back 20

Suffix indicating informal general / present tense / or -ing form for verbs ending on -하다

Example: what time do you work part-time?

Front 21

1. (Verbstem)-시-(formal verbending suffix)

2. (Verbstem)-으시-(formal verbending suffix)

여:

1. 가-시-ㅂ니다 --> 가십니다

2. 읽-으시-ㅂ니다 --> 읽으십니다

Back 21

Verb-Infix to indicate honorific speech

1. Verb ending on a vowel

2. Verb ending on a consonant

Examples:

1. He is going

2. He reads

Front 22

(Verbstem)-ㅂ니다

예: 갑니다

Back 22

Present tense formal verb ending

Example: he/she goes, I/you go

Front 23

1. (Last vowel of verbstem is ㅏ or ㅗ)-았-(verbending)

2. (Verstem ending on ㅏ)-ㅆ-(verbending)

3. (Verstem ending on ㅗ)-ㅏㅆ-(verbending)

4. (Last vowel of verbstem vowel other than ㅏ, ㅗ)-었-(verbending)

5. Infinitive verbending 하다 ->했-(verbending)

예:

1a. 닫다 -> 닫았어요 or 닫았습니다

1b. 앉다 -> 앉았어요 or 앉았습니다

2a. 가다 -> 갔어요 or 갔습니다

2b. 일어나다 -> 일어났어요 or 일어났습니다

3. 오다 -> 왔어요 or 왔습니다

3a. 어머니한테서 편지가 한 통 왔다

3b. 보다 -> 봤어요 or 봤습니다

4a. 먹다 -> 먹었어요 or 먹었습니다

4b. 씻다 -> 씻었어요 or 썼었습니다

5a. 요리하다 -> 요리했어요 or 요리했습니다

5b. 운동하다 -> 운동했어요 or 운동했습니다

Back 23

Infix indicating past tense:

1a. To close -> Closed

1b. To sit -> Sat / was sitting

2a. To go -> went / Did go

2b. To wake / get up -> Woke / got up

3. To come -> came / I'm here

3a. A letter came frome the mother (I got a letter from my mother)

3b. To see / watch -> saw / watched (it)

4a. To eat -> Did eat / ate

4b. To wash -> washed

5a. To cook -> cooked / did cook

5b. To exercise/work out -> worked out / did work out / exercised / did exercise