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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Closes K channels deep in pancreatic B-cells to depolarize them and cause release of insulin
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Sulfonylureas
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Closes K channels in B-cells to depolarize them and cause release of insulin, but not as well as SUF drugs. Short duration and rapid onset
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Meglitinides
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Increases target tissue sensitivity to insulin and prevents glucose production in liver
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TZD
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Inhibits conversion of complex carbohydrates by inhibiting a-glycosidase and decreases GI motility
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a-glucosidase inhibitors
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Neuroendocrine peptide hormone cosecreted by B-cells that stimulates satiety center, suppresses PP glucose release, and regulates gastric emptying
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Amylin
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Hormone secreted by L-cells in ileum that stimulates insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon release, regulates gastric emptying, and stimulates satiety center. Has a role in B-cell regeneration
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GLP-1
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Target the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-g) in muscle, fat, and liver to increase insulin
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TZD/Glitazones
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Incretin-based hormone that regulates GI motility and decreases hepatic glucose production
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DPP-4 Inhibitors
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Hormone used to treat hypoglycemia reactions in Type I diabetics
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Glucagon
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Members of DPP-4 inhibitor
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Sitagliptin
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Members of GLP-1 analogues
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Exenatide (injection only)
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Members of Amyline analogue
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Pramlintide
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Members of TZD/glitazones
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Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone |
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Members of Biguanide class
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Metformin
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Members of meglitinide class
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Repaglinide
Nateglinide |
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Members of a-glucosidase inhibitors
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Acarbose
Miglitol |
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Members of Sulfonylureas
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Tolbutamide
Glyburide Glipizide Glimepiride |
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Drugs that decrease both FASTING and POSTPRANDIAL glucose
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SUF
TZDs/glitazones |
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Drugs that decrease only POSTPRANDIAL glucose
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DPP-4 inhibitors
GLP-1 analogues Meglitinides a-glucosidase inhibitors |
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Drugs that decrease only FASTING glucose
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Biguanides
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Drugs that cause weight GAIN
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SUF
TZDs |
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Drugs that cause weight LOSS
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Biguanides
GLP-1 |
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AEs of SUF
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weight gain
hypoglycemia |
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AEs of inhaled-insulin Exubera
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hypoglycemia
cough dyspnea sore throat dry mouth |
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AEs of meglitinides
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hypoglycemia
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AEs of a-glucosidase inhibitors
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stomach/GI discomfort
flatulence |
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AEs of biguanides
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stomach/GI distress
weight loss |
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AEs of TZDs/glitazones
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Edema
Weight gain Heart failure in some pts |
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AEs of Amylin analogue (Pramlintide)
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nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, fatigue
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AEs of GLP-1 analogues (Exenatide)
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weight loss
stomach upset |
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AEs of DPP-4 inhibitors (Stigliptin)
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stuffy runny nose
headache hypersensitivity rxn |
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AEs of glucagon
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nausea and vomiting
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Class that takes up to 4 weeks to work
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TZD
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Duration of action of meglitinides
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Short acting (1/2 to 4 hrs)
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Fastest release of insulin
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meglitinide
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Short-acting glucocorticoids
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Anything with, "Cort" or "Pred" and not "Flu"
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Long-acting glucocorticoids
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Betamethasone
Dexamethasone |
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Mineralcorticoids
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DOCA
Fludrocortisone |
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AEs of glucocorticoid treatment
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immune suppression
increased glucose release adiposity muscle atrophy Na/H2O retention osteoporosis |
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Onset of action for corticoids
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2-4 hours d/t multi-step process
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Similar to DDT used in inoperable adrenal cancer
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Mitotane
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Inhibits 11B-hydroxylase
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Metyrapone
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Inhibits conversion of cholesterol to pregnolone. Used for a medical adrenalectomy
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Aminoglutethamide
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Inhibits conversion of pregnolone to progesterone; used in Cushing's syndrome
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Trilostane
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inhibits P450 enzyme and inhibits all steroid synthesis; used in Cushing's and prostate ca
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Ketoconazole
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Adrenal synthesis inhibitors
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Mitotane
Trilostane Ketoconazole Aminoglutethamide Metryapone |
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Stronger anti-inflammatory action than cortisol with no Na-retaining effects
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Triamcinoline
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30X more potent than cortisol with no water or Na retaining effects
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Betamethasone
Dexamethasone |
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AEs of DHEA
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acne
testicular atrophy increased risk of prostate ca |
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converted to testosterone by 17-dehydro or estradiol via aromatase
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Androstenedione
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Actions of thyroid
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inotropic/chronotropic fx
normal respiratory control center response stimulates GI motility |
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AEs of thyroid hormone
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Same stuff as hypothyroidism
SOB cardiotoxicity impaired reproductive function |
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Onset of action for liothyronine
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very fast 48 - 72 hrs
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Inhibits iodination and coupling in thyroid synthesis
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PTU
Methimazole |
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Also inhibits 5'-deiodinase
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PTU
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AEs of PTU/Methimazole
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Agranulocytosis
Rash Edema |
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Antithryoid with long duration of action
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Methimazole
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Antithyroid not highly protein bound
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Methimazole
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3 step tx for thyroid storm
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1. Propanolol
2. KI 3. PTU |
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AEs of iodide treatment
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metallic taste
rashes sore mouth |
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AE of radioactive iodine
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delayed hypothyroidism
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Antithyroids contraindicated in pregnancy
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I-131
Methimazole |
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Duration of effect for Iodine/Iodide
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24 hours
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Allosteric activator of PTH CaSR to increase sensitivity to Ca and decrease PTH without change in serum Ca or PO4
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Cinacalcet
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Intranasal drug that inhibits osteoclast Ca mobilization by binding Gi protein membrane receptors
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Calcitonin
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Antagonizes Vitamin D-stimulated intestinal Ca transport, stimulates renal Ca excretion, and blocks bone foromation
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Glucocorticoids
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Reduces bone-resorbing effects of PTH
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Estrogen
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Binds phosphate
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Phosphate binders
(Al, Ca, Sevelamer) |
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Decreases PTH, PO4, and Ca
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Cinacalcet
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Decreases PTH but raises Ca and PO4
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Vitamin D analogue Calcitriol
(Doxicalciferol/paricalcitol used in tx of hyperPTH d/t renal failure) |
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Inhibits bone resorption, reduces both Ca and PO4 reabsorption as well as Na, Mg, and K
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Calcitonin
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AEs of Calcitonin
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nausea
facial flushing swelling of hands inflammatory rxns at injection site Uritcaria |
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Decreases PTH and PO4 while increasing Ca
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bisphosphonates
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Indication for use of calcitonin
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post-MP osteoporosis when HRT contraindicated
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Chelating-type agent that inhibits FPP synthase to prohibit attachment of osteoclasts
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N-bisphosphonates
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Members of N-bisphosphonate class
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alendronate
risedronate zoledronate pamidronate |
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Antiadrenal drug used in prostate ca and cushing's
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Ketoconazole
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Antiadrenal used in Cushing's
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Trilostane
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Two drugs for tx of Gestational Diabetes
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Insulin, SUF(Glyburide)
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Given IV to partially inhibit conversion of T4 to T3
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Hydrocortisone
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