Kobgyn 750-800

Front 1

Q750. what class of meds are used to help Tx Stress Incontinence?

Back 1

A750. Alpha Adrenergic agents

Front 2

Q751. what class of meds are used to Tx Urge Incontinence?

Back 2

A751. Anticholinergics (help with detrusor stability)

Front 3

Q752. how is Total Incontinence treated?

Back 3

A752. Surgical repair of the fistula

Front 4

Q753. what drug class increases bladder contractility?

Back 4

A753. cholinergics

Front 5

Q754. what drug class lowers urethral resistance?

Back 5

A754. alpha-adrenergic agents

Front 6

Q755. what is the Tx for Overflow Incontinence?; (1 procedure or 2 possible meds)

Back 6

A755. Self catheterization; or Meds: Cholinergics, Alpha-adrenergic agents

Front 7

Q756. what is the order of the (5) stages of Puberty in females?

Back 7

A756. All Girls Think Puberty's Messy:; Adrenarche (Androgen production),; Gonadarche (GnRH production),; Thelarche (Breast production),; Pubarche (pubic hair),; Menarche

Front 8

Q757. what is stage 4 of Thelarche?

Back 8

A757. Areolar mound (in stage 5, mound disappears again)

Front 9

Q758. what is the first phenotypic sign of puberty?

Back 9

A758. Thelarche (breast production)

Front 10

Q759. when does menarche occur in relation to thelarche?

Back 10

A759. about 2.5 years after the development of breast buds

Front 11

Q760. what (2) phases of the menstrual cycle describe the ovary?; the endometrium?

Back 11

A760. Ovary: Follicular phase, Luteal phase; Endometrium: Proliferative phase, Secretory phase

Front 12

Q761. when does the placenta begin to develop its own estrogen and progesterone?

Back 12

A761. at 8 - 10 weeks gestation

Front 13

Q762. Definition:; the termination of the reproductive phase in a woman's life

Back 13

A762. Climacteric (menopause, the final menstruation, marks the cornerstone event of the climacteric)

Front 14

Q763. what during menopause leads to the hot flashes, mood changes, insomnia and depression?

Back 14

A763. fall in Estrogen production

Front 15

Q764. what is the average age of menopause?

Back 15

A764. 48 - 52

Front 16

Q765. what occurs with respect to the CV system during menopause?

Back 16

A765. Affects lipid profiles, leading to atherosclerosis and increased risk of CAD

Front 17

Q766. Dx:; severe pain with menses that cannot be attributed to an organic cause, is usually dx before 20 yo

Back 17

A766. Primary Dysmenorrhea

Front 18

Q767. what is believed to be the reason of Primary Dysmenorrhea?; Tx? (3)

Back 18

A767. Increased levels of Prostaglandins Tx:; NSAIDs,; OCPs,; and/or TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation)

Front 19

Q768. Dx:; HA, weight gain, bloating, breast tenderness, mood fluctuation, anxiety, irritability in the second half of the menstrual cycle

Back 19

A768. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Front 20

Q769. what is the Dx criteria for PMS?; (2)

Back 20

A769. symptoms of PMS in the second half of the menstrual cycle with at least 7-day symptom-free interval during the first half;; symptoms must occur in two consecutive cycles

Front 21

Q770. Dx:; regularly timed menses, but an unusually heavy or prolonged flow

Back 21

A770. Menorrhagia

Front 22

Q771. How many days is the flow suppose to last in the normal menstrual cycle?; how much blood loss?

Back 22

A771. days: 3 - 5; blood loss: 30 - 50mL

Front 23

Q772. Definition:; idiopathic heavy and/or irregular bleeding that cannot be attributed to another cause

Back 23

A772. Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB)

Front 24

Q773. Dx:; regularly timed menses but unusually light amount of flow

Back 24

A773. Hypomenorrhea

Front 25

Q774. Dx:; bleeding that occurs b/t regular menstrual periods

Back 25

A774. Metrorrhagia

Front 26

Q775. Dx:; excessive (greater then 80mL) or prolonged bleeding at irregular intervals

Back 26

A775. Menometrorrhagia

Front 27

Q776. Dx:; irregular periods greater then 35 days

Back 27

A776. Oligomenorrhea

Front 28

Q777. Dx:; frequent periods that occur less then 21 days apart

Back 28

A777. Polymenorrhea

Front 29

Q778. (3) of the MCC of Oligomenorrhea

Back 29

A778. PCOS,; Chronic Anovulation,; Pregnancy

Front 30

Q779. when is DUB most common?; (in General and list 4 times)

Back 30

A779. when she is "Anovulatory":; Adolescence,; Perimenopause,; Lactation,; Pregnancy

Front 31

Q780. When does pathologic Anovulation related to hormones occur?; (3)

Back 31

A780. Hypothyroidism,; Hyperprolactinemia,; Hyperandrogenism

Front 32

Q781. if a woman > 35 yo has abnormal uterine bleeding, what is the next step?

Back 32

A781. Endometrial biopsy to rule out cancer

Front 33

Q782. Drug Tx for DUB (Anovulatory vs. Ovulatory)?; Tx for Acute Hemorrhage / Heavy bleed from uterus?

Back 33

A782. Anovulatory DUB: Progestins to stimulate withdrawal bleeding; Ovulatory DUB: NSAIDs; Acute hemorrhage/heavy bleed: IV Estrogens to stop bleeding

Front 34

Q783. what is the metabolic goal of pregnancy?

Back 34

A783. Increase availability of Glucose for the fetus, while mother utilizes lipids

Front 35

Q784. MCC of postmenopausal bleeding

Back 35

A784. Endometrial and/or Vaginal Atrophy

Front 36

Q785. what is responsible for the conversion of vellus hair to terminal hair at puberty?

Back 36

A785. Androgens (DHT)

Front 37

Q786. what converts testosterone to DHT?

Back 37

A786. 5-alpha-reductase

Front 38

Q787. what precursor to cancer does a woman with PCOS have an increased risk for?

Back 38

A787. Endometrial Hyperplasia (moreso then ovarian cancar)

Front 39

Q788. what are the (2) most common adrenal androgens?; what is the immediate precursor to them?

Back 39

A788. DHEA and DHEAS; precursor: 17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone

Front 40

Q789. what stimulates the Theca cells?; what is produced?; (2)

Back 40

A789. LH; makes: Androstenedione, Testosterone

Front 41

Q790. what stimulates the Granulosa cells?; what is produced?; (2)

Back 41

A790. FSH; makes: Estrone (from Androsterone), Estradiol (from Testosterone)

Front 42

Q791. what lab elevation is the marker for adrenal androgen excess production?

Back 42

A791. Increased DHEAS

Front 43

Q792. Dx:; Inc cortisol, androgens, hirsutism, acne, menstrual irregularities

Back 43

A792. Cushing's syndrome

Front 44

Q793. how can you tell if Cushing's syndrome is from an adrenal tumor?

Back 44

A793. ACTH is low; if from Pituitary or paraneoplastic, ACTH would be high

Front 45

Q794. what is the diagnostic test for Cushing's syndrome?

Back 45

A794. Dexametasone suppression test

Front 46

Q795. MC Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia disorder; what is in excess?

Back 46

A795. 21-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency; in excess: 7-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone

Front 47

Q796. Dx:; mild virilization, menstrual irregularities, low cortisol and salt wasting

Back 47

A796. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Front 48

Q797. what is the first step in Dx Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?; how do you confirm this?

Back 48

A797. see if 17-OHP is > 200ng/dL; confirm: ACTH stimulation test

Front 49

Q798. Dx:; enlarged ovaries, hirsutism and possible virilization; how is Dx made?

Back 49

A798. Theca Lutein cysts; Dx by Ovarian biopsy

Front 50

Q799. what drug inhibits 5-alpha-reductase?

Back 50

A799. Finesteride

Front 51

Q800. what can occur if a contraception diaphragm is left in for too long?

Back 51

A800. Toxic Shock Syndrome (s.aureus)