Kobgyn 400-450

Front 1

Q400. What kind of birth defects are caused by diazepam?

Back 1

A400. cleft lip and/or palate

Front 2

Q401. What kind of birth defects are caused by diethylstilbestrol?

Back 2

A401. clear cell vaginal cancer,; adenosis,; cervical incompetence

Front 3

Q402. What kind of birth defects are caused by maternal diabetes?

Back 3

A402. cardiovascular malformations,; cleft lip and/or palate,; caudal regression,; neural tube defects,; left colon hypoplasia/immaturity,; macrosomia,; microsomia (if mother has long-standing DM),

Front 4

Q403. What kinds of problems do infants born to diabetic mothers have after birth?

Back 4

A403. increased risk of respiratory distress syndrome,; postdelivery hypoglycemia,

Front 5

Q404. How do you treat diabetes during pregnancy?

Back 5

A404. insulin (after diet and exercise),; DON'T use oral hypoglycemics because they cross the placenta and cause fetal hypoglycemia

Front 6

Q405. What drugs are safe during pregnancy?

Back 6

A405. acetaminophen,; penicillin,; cephalosporins,; erythromycin,; nitrofurantoin,; H2 blockers,; antacids,; heparin,; hydralazine,; methyldopa,; labetolol,; insulin,; docusate

Front 7

Q406. What does TORCH stand for?

Back 7

A406. Toxoplasma,; Other,; Rubella,; Cytomegalovirus,; Herpes

Front 8

Q407. risk factors for toxoplasma?

Back 8

A407. exposure to cats

Front 9

Q408. What kind of birth defects are caused by toxoplasma?

Back 9

A408. intracranial calcifications,; chorioretinitis

Front 10

Q409. What kind of birth defects are caused by varicella-zoster?

Back 10

A409. limb hypoplasia,; scarring of the skin

Front 11

Q410. What kind of birth defects are caused by syphilis?

Back 11

A410. rhinitis,; saber shins,; Hutchinson's teeth,; interstitial keratitis,; skin lesions

Front 12

Q411. What kind of birth defects are caused by rubella?

Back 12

A411. effects are worse in the first trimester,; cardiovascular defects,; deafness,; cataracts,; microphthalmia

Front 13

Q412. What kind of birth defects are caused by cytomegalovirus?

Back 13

A412. deafness,; cerebral calcifications,; microphthalmia

Front 14

Q413. What kind of birth defects are caused by herpes?

Back 14

A413. vesicular lesions,; encephalitis,; early fusion of cranial bones,; seizures

Front 15

Q414. What percent of fetuses are infected with HIV from their mothers if the mothers do not receive treatment?

Back 15

A414. 0.25

Front 16

Q415. How do you treat HIV in pregnant women?

Back 16

A415. zidovudine (AZT) is given to the mother prenatally, and it's given to the infant for 6 weeks afer birth

Front 17

Q416. What percent of fetuses are infected with HIV from their mothers if the mothers receive treatment?

Back 17

A416. 0.08

Front 18

Q417. When do you test an infant for HIV antibodies?

Back 18

A417. between 6-18 months of age;; Abs tests will be positive at birth because maternal antibodies cross the placenta

Front 19

Q418. How do you test newborns for HIV?

Back 19

A418. HIV PCR, with follow up at 18 months with antibody test

Front 20

Q419. can breastmilk transmit HIV?

Back 20

A419. yes

Front 21

Q420. What do you do if a woman has active visible genital herpes lesions during labor?

Back 21

A420. do a c-section

Front 22

Q421. What do you do if a woman has a history of genital herpes and goes into labor, and there's no visible lesions?

Back 22

A421. proceed with vaginal birth

Front 23

Q422. What do you do if a laboring mother has chronic hepatitis B?

Back 23

A422. give infant the first hep B vaccine and hepB immunoglobulin at birth.

Front 24

Q423. What do you do if a mother contracts chickenpox late in pregnancy?

Back 24

A423. give the infant varicella-zoster immunoglobulin

Front 25

Q424. How do you treat GC/chlamydia during pregnancy?

Back 25

A424. ceftriaxone and erythromycin or azithromycin

Front 26

Q425. How do you treat TB during pregnancy?

Back 26

A425. same as in non-pregnant women. BUT don't use streptomycin (it's rarely use anyway). Make sure to give vitamin B6 with isoniazid.

Front 27

Q426. How do you know if the placenta has separated during the third phase of delivery?

Back 27

A426. there is a fresh gush of blood, lengthening of the umbilical cord, and a rising fundus that is firm and globular

Front 28

Q427. If a pt has had a c-section, can they have a vaginal delivery during the next pregnancies?

Back 28

A427. Maybe. If they have a vertical uterine incision, they have to have a repeat c-section. If they have a horizontal incision, they may deliver vaginally with only a slightly increased risk of uterine rupture.

Front 29

Q428. 4 signs of placental separation

Back 29

A428. 1. gush of blood - coincides with placenta separating from uterus; 2. cord lengthening - placenta has dropped to lower portion of the uterus; 3. globular uterus; 4. uterus ascends to anterior abdominal wall

Front 30

Q429. what can cause uterine inversion; complication from inversion

Back 30

A429. if cord doesn't separate from uterus and excessive force is used to cause the separation --> uterine inversion; massive hemorrhage

Front 31

Q430. appearance of uterine inversion

Back 31

A430. shaggy mass, red and bulging

Front 32

Q431. definition of abnormally retained placenta; tx

Back 32

A431. labor of placenta exceeds 30 mins; try manual extraction

Front 33

Q432. risk factors for uterine inversion

Back 33

A432. grand-multip; placental implantation in fundus

Front 34

Q433. tx of uterine inversion

Back 34

A433. halothane, terbutiline, and MgSO4 to cause uterine relaxation; emergent surgery

Front 35

Q434. what is protective of uterine inversion

Back 35

A434. attenuated umbilical cord: it will separate easily and cause cord severing

Front 36

Q435. definition of premature ovarian failure

Back 36

A435. cessation of ovulation younger than 40 yo

Front 37

Q436. what causes ovarian failure in turner's syndrome

Back 37

A436. ovarian failure

Front 38

Q437. relationship between TSH and PRL and menstrual cycle

Back 38

A437. low TSH and high PRL both inhibit GnRH pulsations --> FSH/LH inhibition

Front 39

Q438. sx of TSS

Back 39

A438. myalgias; n/v; hypotension; confusion; sunburn-like rash --> maculopapular rash --> desquamation with palm/sole involvement (by 10th day) --> increased serum bilirubin

Front 40

Q439. what MAP is required to perfuse vital organs

Back 40

A439. 65 mmhg

Front 41

Q440. what is the organism in TSS; best way to culture it

Back 41

A440. staph; exotoxin-1 enters body; vaginal culture

Front 42

Q441. tx of TSS

Back 42

A441. iv nafcillin or methicillin + amnioglycosides

Front 43

Q442. definition of latent labor

Back 43

A442. cervix mainly effaces and cervical dilation

Front 44

Q443. time limit of latent labor

Back 44

A443. <18-20 hrs in prime; <14 hrs in multip

Front 45

Q444. arrest of active labor

Back 45

A444. no cervical change during 2h of active labor

Front 46

Q445. protracted active labor

Back 46

A445. decreased cervical change over 2 hrs

Front 47

Q446. causes of prolonged latent phase

Back 47

A446. decreased power, pelvis, or passenger

Front 48

Q447. definition of clinically adequate CTX

Back 48

A447. q2-3 mins; firm abdomen 40-60 s; OR >200 montevideo units over 10 mins

Front 49

Q448. bloody show

Back 49

A448. loss of cervical mucous plug; sign of impending labor

Front 50

Q449. 1st thing to consider in a woman with lower abdominal pain and vaginal spotting

Back 50

A449. ectopic pregnancy, until proven otherwise

Front 51

Q450. progesterone levels for nml uterine pregnancy; progesterone levels for nonviable pregnancy

Back 51

A450. >25; <5