Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Q150. the location of the small parts is determined by which Leopold maneuver?
|
A150. Second maneuver
|
|
|
Q151. determining what occupies the fundus is accomplished by what Leopold maneuver?
|
A151. First maneuver
|
|
|
Q152. identifying the cephalic prominence is accomplished by what Leopold maneuver?
|
A152. Fourth maneuver
|
|
|
Q153. what is the most common "fetal lie" found during early labor?
|
A153. Longitudinal
|
|
|
Q154. what is the most common "fetal presentation" found in early labor?
|
A154. Vertex
|
|
|
Q155. Definition:; the turning of the fetal head toward the sacrum
|
A155. Anterior Asynclitism
|
|
|
Q156. what is the station of a patient in labor with the vertex at the level of the ischial spines?
|
A156. Zero
|
|
|
Q157. At Zero station, where is the biparietal diameter of the fetal head in relation to the pelvic inlet?
|
A157. Passed below the pelvic inlet
|
|
|
Q158. the clinical significance of the fetal head presenting at zero station is that the biparietal diameter of the fetal head has negotiated what?
|
A158. Pelvic inlet
|
|
|
Q159. what is cervical effacement?
|
A159. the degree of cervical thinning
|
|
|
Q160. how is the First Stage of Labor described?
|
A160. Onset of labor to full cervical dilation
|
|
|
Q161. how is the Second Stage of Labor described?
|
A161. Complete dilation of the cervix to delivery of the infant
|
|
|
Q162. how is the Third Stage of Labor described?
|
A162. Delivery of the infant to delivery of the placenta
|
|
|
Q163. how is the Fourth Stage of Labor described?
|
A163. period extending up to two hours after delivery of the placenta
|
|
|
Q164. the Active Phase of the first stage of labor is defined to begin when the cervix is how dilated?
|
A164. 4 cm
|
|
|
Q165. what describes the cardinal movement of labor that allows the smaller diameter of the fetal head to present to the maternal pelvis?
|
A165. Flexion
|
|
|
Q166. what describes the movement of the fetal head as it reaches the introitus?
|
A166. Extension of the fetal head
|
|
|
Q167. what describes the movement of the fetal head to "face forward" relative to the shoulders?
|
A167. External rotation
|
|
|
Q168. Definition:; movement of the presenting part through the birth canal
|
A168. Descent
|
|
|
Q169. Times in Nulliparas:; 1) Latent phase of stage 1; 2) Active phase of stage 1; 3) Second stage of labor
|
A169. Nulliparas:; Latent phase of stage 1: 6.5 hours; Active phase of stage 1: 4.5 hours; Second stage of labor: 1 hour
|
|
|
Q170. Times in Multiparas:; 1) Latent phase of stage 1; 2) Active phase of stage 1; 3) Second stage of labor
|
A170. Multiparas:; Latent phase of stage 1: 5 hours; Active phase of stage 1: 2.5 hours; Second stage of labor: 0.5 hours
|
|
|
Q171. during the active phase of labor, if electronic monitoring is not used, the fetal heart rate should be auscultated how often?
|
A171. every 15 min
|
|
|
Q172. during the second stage of labor, if electronic monitoring is not used, the fetal heart rate should be auscultated how often?
|
A172. each uterine contraction
|
|
|
Q173. an external tocodynamometer provides information about what?
|
A173. Contraction frequency
|
|
|
Q174. the sensory nerves form the lower birth canal and the perineum enter the spinal cord where?
|
A174. S2 - S4
|
|
|
Q175. What is an epidural best used for specifically compared to a spinal and pudendal?
|
A175. Epidural:; Active phase of labor and delivery; Spinal:; short-term for vaginal and abdominal delivery; perineal anesthesia for vaginal delivery
|
|
|
Q176. what is the major cause of maternal mortality from OB anesthesia?
|
A176. Aspiration of vomitus
|
|
|
Q177. what is the MC result of compression of the fetal head during delivery?
|
A177. Molding
|
|
|
Q178. what is the usual postpartum blood loss in a vaginal delivery?
|
A178. 500 mL
|
|
|
Q179. what is the First-degree vaginal laceration at birth?
|
A179. involves the vaginal mucosa and perineal skin
|
|
|
Q180. what is the Second-degree vaginal laceration at birth?
|
A180. involves the underlying fascia or muscle but not rectal sphinctor or rectal mucosa
|
|
|
Q181. what is the Third-degree vaginal laceration at birth?
|
A181. extends through rectal sphinctor but not into the rectum
|
|
|
Q182. what is the Fourth-degree vaginal laceration at birth?
|
A182. extends into the rectal mucosa
|
|
|
Q183. during the delivery of the fetal head the likelihood of laceration or extension of episiotomy is decreased by what maneuver?
|
A183. Ritgen maneuver
|
|
|
Q184. how many minutes should one wait for the spontaneous extrusion of the placenta?
|
A184. 30 minutes
|
|
|
Q185. IUGR - What is it
|
A185. Wt. < 10th percentile; suspect if > 4 between fundal ht. (cm) and GA (weeks); asymmetric - 80%, placenta mediated: HTN, poor nutrition, maternal smoking; symmetric - fetal problem: cytogenetic, infection, anomalies
|
|
|
Q186. IUGR - Dx
|
A186. Serial exams,; US every 3-4 weeks; NST, CST, BPP; Doppler
|
|
|
Q187. IUGR - Tx
|
A187. Steroids; consider early delivery - esp. asymmetric; continuous FHR monitoring during labor; C-section if decelerations persist
|
|
|
Q188. Oligohydramnios - What is it
|
A188. Excess loss of fluid - ROM (amniotic leak); decreased in fetal urine produced; fetal urinary tract abnorm; obstructive uropathy; chronic uteroplacental insufficiency; maternal HTN; severe toxemia; AFI < 5 on US
|
|
|
Q189. Oligohydramnios - Complications
|
A189. Pulmonary hypoplasia; club foot; flattened facies; IUGR; fetal distress; fetal hypoxia - (umbilical cord compression)
|
|
|
Q190. Oligohydramnios - Tx
|
A190. Rule out inaccurate gestational dates; Tx underlying cause,; if possible, amnioinfusion - NaCl
|
|
|
Q191. Polyhydramnios - What is it
|
A191. Excess of fluid; AFI > 20 on US; Maternal DM; "baby can't swallow": esoph atresia, TEF, duodenal atresia; anencephaly; multiple gestations; twin-twin transfusion syn
|
|
|
Q192. Polyhydramnios - Dx/Tx
|
A192. US for fetal anomalies; glucose test; Rh screening; Tx depends on cause
|
|
|
Q193. Polyhydramnios - Complications
|
A193. Preterm labor; cord prolapse; fetal malpresentation
|
|
|
Q194. Rh Isoimmunization - What is it
|
A194. Ag protein on RBC; AD; maternal anti-Rh IgG ab => erythroblastosis fetalis; 2nd pregnancy - fast production by memory plasma cells
|
|
|
Q195. Rh Isoimmunization - History/PE; What do you ask on History
|
A195. Ask about - prior delivery of Rh+ child, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, blood transfusions, amniocentesis, abdom trauma
|
|
|
Q196. Rh Isoimmunization - Evaluation
|
A196. Maternal - on 1st visit, check ABO & Rh; if Rh- then check dad's Rh,; if dad Rh+ then, check mom's titer at 26-28 weeks; if pos., test serially for high titers (> 1:16), fetal - amniocentesis or US-guided umbilical bld sample, blood type, Coombs' titer, bilirubin level, HCT, reticulocytes; postnatally - fetal cord blood, Rh,HCT
|
|
|
Q197. Rh Isoimmunization - Tx
|
A197. Prevention - . at 28 weeks, if mom Rh- and dad Rh+ or status unknown, give RhoGAM (IgG anti-D); if baby Rh+, give RhoGAM postpartum, too; give RhoGAM to Rh- moms if have had abortion, ectopic pregnancy, amniocentesis, vaginal bleeding, placenta previa, placental abruption, sensitized Rh- moms with titers > 1:16; monitor closely, serial US, amniocentesis in severe cases - enhance lung maturity, intrauterine blood transfusion, init preterm delivery
|
|
|
Q198. Rh Isoimmunization - Complications
|
A198. Fetal hypoxia => lactic acidosis => heart failure => hydrops fetalis, death; kernicterus; prematurity
|
|
|
Q199. Gestational Trophoblastic Dis - What is it
|
A199. Prolif of trophoblastic tissue, range of diseases, benign or malignant; risk factors: age < 20 or > 40, def. in folate or B-carotene; hydatidiform mole - 80%, benign, may progress to malignant; complete, sperm fertilize empty ovum, 46XX; paternal derived incomplete/partial fertilized by 2 sperm, 69XXY; has fetal tissue; choriocarcinoma; placental site trophoblastic tumor
|
|
|
Q200. Gestational Trophoblastic Dis- History/PE
|
A200. History - 1st trimester uterine bleeding; hyperemesis gravidarum; preeclampsia-eclampsia <24 weeks; excessive uterine enlargement; hyperthyroidism; PE - no fetal heartbeat, enlarged ovaries with b/l theca-lutein cysts, expulsion of grapelike cluster, blood in cervical os
|
