Knowledge & Learning

Front 1

Generally, programmed decision-making is used by the organizations to find solutions to changing and uncertain conditions.

Back 1

False

Front 2

When an organization uses a personalization approach to knowledge management, information systems are designed to show employees who in the organization might possess the knowledge they might need or who might have confronted a similar problem in the past.

Back 2

True

Front 3

The design of a(n) ________ structure facilitates exploitative learning.

Back 3

mechanistic

Front 4

By developing a knowledge management system, managers want to provide employees with a step by step procedure on how to solve problems. They want to do this because most of their problems are recurring events, and standard procedures work well. This information indicates that the organization is planning to implement a ________ approach to knowledge management.

Back 4

codification

Front 5

The design of a mechanistic structure facilitates explorative learning whereas the design of an organic structure facilitates exploitative learning.

Back 5

False

Front 6

According to the principle of systems thinking, to create a learning organization, ________.

Back 6

managers must recognize the effects of one level of learning on the others

Front 7

Escalation of commitment is a cognitive bias that leads managers to form judgments based on small and unrepresentative samples.

Back 7

False

Front 8

Senge has argued that for organizational learning to occur, each of its members needs to develop a sense of personal mastery, by which he means that organizations should ________.

Back 8

empower all employees and allow them to experiment and create and explore what they want

Front 9

Typically, a codification approach to knowledge management is pursued when an organization needs to provide customized products or solutions to clients, when technology is changing rapidly, and when employees rely much more on know-how, insight, and judgment to make decisions.

Back 9

False

Front 10

Programmed decision-making allows an organization to increase its efficiency and reduce the costs of making goods and services.

Back 10

True

Front 11

Which of the following organizational learning strategies, proposed by James March, involves organizational members searching for and experimenting with new kinds or forms of organizational activities and procedures to increase effectiveness?

Back 11

exploration

Front 12

The garbage-can approach to organizational decision-making is clearly the opposite of the approach described by the ________ model.

Back 12

rational

Front 13

Nonprogrammed decision-making requires much less search for information to find solutions than does programmed decision-making

Back 13

False

Front 14

A collateral organizational structure is an informal organization of managers set up parallel to the formal organizational structure to "shadow" the decision-making and actions of managers in the formal organization.

Back 14

True

Front 15

Exploration involves organizational members learning ways to refine and improve existing organizational activities and procedures to increase effectiveness.

Back 15

False

Front 16

Top-management teams function most effectively when their membership is stable and there is not too much entry into or departure from the team.

Back 16

True

Front 17

Programmed decisions are ________.

Back 17

Repetitive

Front 18

According to Kotter and Heskett, ________ cultures are cultures that are cautious and conservative and do not encourage risk taking by middle and lower-level managers

Back 18

inert

Front 19

Projection is a cognitive bias that deceives people into assuming that extreme instances of a phenomenon are more prevalent than they really are.

Back 19

False

Front 20

Satisficing occurs when decision makers ________.

Back 20

conduct limited information searches to identify problems and alternative solutions