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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bony Structures of the Knee |
Femur -adductor tubercle -medial/lateral epicondyle -medial/lateral femoral condyle -intercondylar fossa of femur -patellar surface Tibia -tibial tuberosity -medial/lateral tibial condyles -intercondylar fossa of tibia Patella -apex -body -margins |
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Intra-articular ligaments of the knee joint |
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) transverse ligament of the knee Coronary ligaments (meniscotibial ligaments) posterior meniscofemoral ligament |
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Extra-articular ligaments of the knee |
1) Patellar ligament 2) Lateral collateral ligament of the knee 3) Medial collateral ligament of the knee 4) Oblique popliteal ligament 5) Arcuate popliteal ligament 6) Anterolateral ligament (ALL) |
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Cartilage of the Knee |
Tibia & femur articulation surfaces are coated in hyaline cartilage to reduce friction 2 menisci that are wafers of fibrocartilage. Act as a gasket to spread out weight over tibia and helps protect the articular cartilage. |
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Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) |
-Stretches from lateral condyle of femur to anterior intercondylar area of the tibia. It extends superiorly & posteriorly & laterally to the femur from tibia. -Prevents tibia from moving anterior to the femur. -Can be damaged during twisting or bending the knee (hyperflexion) -Weaker of the 2 cruciate ligaments & has relatively poor blood supply |
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Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) |
-Arises from posterior intercondylar area of tibia -> passes superiorly & anteriorly on medial side of ACL to attach to anterior part of lateral surface of medial condyle of femur -Prevents posterior displacement of tibia relative to femur. Also limits anterior anterior rolling of femur on tibial plateau during extension -Main stabilization factor for weight bearing during knee flexion (e.g. walking downhill) |
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Transverse ligament of the knee |
Stretches from lateral meniscus to medial meniscus Passes in front of the menisci, crossing the anterior intercondylar area & tethering menisci to each other during knee movements |
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Coronary Ligaments (Meniscotibial ligaments) |
capsular fibers that attach themargins of the menisci to the tibial condyles |
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Posterior meniscofemoral ligament |
A strong tendinous slip that joins the lateral meniscus to thePCL and the medial femoral condyle |
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Patellar ligament |
Distal part of quadriceps femoris tendon Connects patella to tuberosity of tibia via a thick strong fibrous band passing from the apex & margins of patella to tibial tuberosity Anterior ligament of knee joint; Very strong & helps give patella its mechanical leverage Also functions as a cap for condyles of femur |
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Lateral collateral ligament of the knee (LCL) [Fibular collateral ligament] |
Collateral ligaments of the knee are taut when knee is fully extended, allowing stability while standing Cord-like & strong ligament; extends inferiorly from lateral epicondyle of femur to lateral surface of the fibular head Seperates tendon of popliteus muscle from lateral meniscus. Popliteus tendon passes deep to LCL Splits tendon of biceps femoris into 2 parts |
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Medial collateral ligament of the knee (MCL) [Tibial collateral ligament] |
Strong, flat, intrinsic band that extends from medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle & superomedial surface of tibia At its midpoint, deep fibers of MCL are attached to medial meniscus Partly covered by pes anserinus & semimembranosus tendon More often damaged than LCL & occurs w/contact sports with force to lateral aspect of knee |
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Oblique popliteal ligament |
Recurrent expansion of tendon of the semimembranosus muscle that reinforces the joint capsule posteriorly as it spans the intracondylar fossa Ligament arises posterior to medial tibial condyle & passes superolaterally toward lateral femoral condyle, that fades w/central part of posterior aspect of joint capsule |
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Arcuate popliteal ligament (APL) |
Arises from posterior aspect of fibular head -> passes superomedially over popliteus tendon & spreads over posterior surface of the knee joint Strengthens joint capsule posterolaterally |
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Anterolateral ligament (ALL) |
Located on lateral apect of knee, anterior to LCL Originates at lateral epicondyle of femur & inserts at the anterolateral aspect of proximal tibia Thought to stabilize medial rotation of the knee |
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Medial Meniscus |
C-shaped; broader posteriorly than anteriorly Anterior end(horn) attached to intercondylar area of tibia, anterior to attachment of ACL Posterior end attached to posterior intercondylar area, anterior to attachment of PCL BC of its attachments laterally to tibial intercondylar area & medially to MCL, medial meniscus is less mobile on tibial plateau than lateral meniscus |
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Lateral Meniscus |
Circular; smaller & more freely moveable than medial meniscus The tendonof the popliteus separates the lateral meniscus from the fibularcollateral ligament |
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Functional Properties of the knee joint |
Largest & most superficial joint Primarily a hinge type of synovial joint, allowing flexion & extension; however, hinge movements can be combined w/gliding & rolling, & a rotation about a vertical axis Function can be impaired when it is hyperextended Relatively weak mechanically bc of incongruence of articular surface (2 balls sitting on a warped tabletop) Knee joint depends on: 1) strength & actions of surrounding muscles & their tendons 2) Ligaments that connect the femur & tibia Most important stabilizing muscle is quadriceps femoris (esp. fibers from vastus medialis & lateralis) Erect, extended position is most stable position of knee joint- allows articular surfaces to be most congruent w/each other & the primary ligaments of the knee joint (collateral & cruciate ligaments) are taut, & the many tendons surrounding the joint provide a splinting effect |
