Knee Joint

Front 1

Type of joint

Back 1

Condylar synovial joint between femur and tibia

Saddle joint between femur and patella

Front 2

Movement

Back 2

flexion, extension, and some gliding and rotation in the flexed position of the knee;

full extension is accompanied by medial rotation of the femur on the tibia

Front 3

Stabilized

Back 3

Laterally by biceps and gastrocnemius (lateral head) tendons, the iliotibial tract, and the fibular collateral ligaments.

■ Is stabilized medially by the sartorius, gracilis, gastrocnemius (medial head), semitendinosus, and semi membranous muscles and the tibial collateral ligament.

Front 4

Blood supply

Back 4

■ genicular branches (superior medial and lateral, inferior medial and lateral, and middle) of the popliteal artery,

a descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery,

an articular branch of the descending genicular artery, and the anterior tibial recurrent artery.

Front 5

Innervation

Back 5

■ Is innervated by branches of the sciatic, femoral, and obturator nerves.

Front 6

ACL

Back 6

■ Arises from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and passes upward, backward, and

laterally to insert into the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle.

Prevents forward sliding of the tibia on the femur and hyperextension

Front 7

PCL

Back 7

posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to insert into the lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle.

Prevents backward sliding of the tibia on the femur and hyperflexion

Front 8

Medial meniscus

Lateral meniscus

Back 8

C shaped and aShock absorber

circular, acts as a cushion, and facilitates lubrication.

Front 9

Unhappy triad

Back 9

Rupture of TCL by excessive abduction;

b) tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament, by forward displacement of the tibia; and (c) injury to the medial meniscus, as a result of the tibial col- lateral ligament attachment.

Front 10

Bursae

Back 10

Suprapatellar Bursa deep to the quadriceps femoris muscle and is the major bursa communicating with the knee joint cavity

2. Prepatellar Bursa Lies over the superficial surface of the patella.

3. Infrapatellar Bursa Consists of a subcutaneousinfrapatellar bursa over the patellar ligament and a deep infrapatellar bursa deep to the patellar ligament.

4. Anserine Bursa (Known as the Pes Anserinus [Goose Foot])Lies between the tibial collateral ligament and the tendons of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles.