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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe Genu Recurvatum
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Hyperextension of the knee
Can be due to Equinus, Neurological disease Weak Quads Hyperpronation |
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What causes the hyperextension of the knee in Genu Recurvatum?
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if the tibia cannot move forward (equinus), then the upper body because of momentum continues forward causing hyperextension.
If the knee cannot flex (weak hamstrings or tight quads) hyperextension occurs. |
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What is the cause of External vs internally rotated recurvatum?
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External-severe,
due to equinus Internal- usually mild due to Hyperpronated foot |
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To what age is genu varum normal?
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Normal up to age 3.
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What can be some causes of Genu Varum?
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Blounts
Ricketts Trauma Osteogenesis imperfecta Metaphysal chondrodysplasia |
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What is an osteochondroma?
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the most common type of bone tumor,
Has a cartilaginous cap |
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What is metaphyseal condrodysplasia?
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An inherited disorder that causes bowing of limbs
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Genu Valgum Bilateral vs unilateral
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Bilateral- physiologic, most common
Unilateral- often pathologic with many differential diagnoses. |
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during what period is Genu valgum normal?
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Physiologically normal from 4-8.
By 9 years of age slight valgum or neutral is normal |
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What is the source of physiologically normal genu valgum
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(4-9yrs)
Medial femoral condyle is longer |
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Describe Tibial varum
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Frontal plane deformity of the distal tibia in regards to proximal tibia
Adult normal is 2-3 degrees. greater than 5 and the STJ must pronate to get foot flat on the ground. |
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What is pseudolack of malleolar torsion?
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Tibia looks like it did not undergo normal external rotation.
It is a soft tissue problem at the knee (laxity) Presents as intoeing usually. |
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What is Internal Tibial Torsion?
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True lack of normal ontogeny.
Most common cause of intoeing. |
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What are statistical deformities that accompany Internal tibial Torsion?
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Seen in 2nd year
M=F 1/3 will have met adductus 2/3 will be bilateral |
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What is the Q angle?
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Quadriceps angle formed by the measurement of the ASIS to the center of the patella and the tibial tuberosity ot the center of the patella.
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What are the normal values for q angle?
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male 0-15 degrees
Female 0-20 degrees |
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What increases with increased Q angle?
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The higher the Q angle the more lateral the pull on the patella.
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What is the normal pattern for genu valgum/varum in development?
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