Kn: Nutrition

Front 1

Hydrolysis?

Back 1

enzymatic breakdown of a food molecule because it involves addition of a water molecule to each molecular bond to be broken

Front 2

Why does hydrolysis break down food?

Back 2

so they can be absorbed

Front 3

What are the 2 absorption processes?

Back 3

water soluble products
lipids-lacteals

Front 4

Absorption of water soluble products?

Back 4

GI tract to hepatic portal system

Front 5

Absorption of Lipids?

Back 5

lacteals to thoracic duct and then the thoracic duct to subclavian vein

Front 6

Role of lacteals?

Back 6

absorb lipids

Front 7

Where does Carbohydrayes digested? 3

Back 7

oral cavity by salivary amylase
stomach-mixing
small intestine by pancreatic amylase

Front 8

How are carbohydrates broken down?

Back 8

small oligosaccharides digested to monosaccharides, disaccharides in small intestine lumen

Front 9

What does the small intestine contain to digest carbohydrates? 2

Back 9

pancreatic amylase
brush border enzymes

Front 10

Brush border enzymes?

Back 10

further digest products to monosaccharides

Front 11

Where are proteins digested?

Back 11

oral cavity-mastication
stomach-pepsin
small intestine- proteases from pancreas

Front 12

Role of pepsin in protein digestion in stomach?

Back 12

cleaves tyrosine and phenylalanine and yields small polypeptides and free amino acids

Front 13

What are the proteases in small intestine that digest proteins?

Back 13

trypsin/chymotrypsin
carboxypeptidase
brush border enzymes

Front 14

What digests nucleic acids?

Back 14

small intestine-pancreatic nucleases
brush border enzymes

Front 15

Role of brush border enzymes during nucleic acid digestion?

Back 15

breaks down nucelotides into sugar, phosphate, nitrogen bases

Front 16

Where does lipid digestion occur?

Back 16

oral cavity-mastication
stomach- mixing
small intestine-bile salts, pancreatic lipase

Front 17

Emulsification process by bile salts? 2

Back 17

-hydrophobic region of the salts inserts into the large lipid droplet, while the charged hydrophillic region remains in contact with the water base environment
-this breaks up the large droplets into smaller droplets that are surrounded by bile

Front 18

Micelles?

Back 18

small, bile coated lipid droplets

Front 19

Role of pancreatic lipase during lipid digestion?

Back 19

breaks down lipids into free fatty acids, glycerol, monoglycerides, cholesterol

Front 20

Absorption of Carbohydrates? 2

Back 20

-absorbed by secondary active transport coupled with Na or facilitated diffusion
-facilitated diffusion to blood

Front 21

Absorption of Proteins? 2

Back 21

-secondary active transport coupled with Na+
-active transport to blood

Front 22

Absorption of Lipids? 4

Back 22

-micelles come in contact with brush border and the lipids diffuse into cell
-re-synthesize lipids from monoglycerides to triglycerides
-coat triglyerides with a protein
-absorbed in lacteal

Front 23

Chylomicron?

Back 23

lipids coated with protein

Front 24

What happens when lipids are absorbed in blood?

Back 24

-breakdown lipids with liprotein lipase into free fatty acid and glyceride

Front 25

Absorption of nucleic acids?

Back 25

absorbed by bloodstream from intestinal epithelial cells

Front 26

Absorption of fat soluble vitamins?

Back 26

absorbed with lipids

Front 27

Water soluble vitamin absorption?

Back 27

diffusion

Front 28

Vitamin B12 absorption?

Back 28

binds with intrinsic factor and absorbed in distal ileum

Front 29

Absorption of Na+?

Back 29

transport with glucose and amino acids, then pumped into bloodstream

Front 30

Absorption of K+?

Back 30

diffusion gradient caused by osmosis

Front 31

Absorption of iron?

Back 31

actively transported

Front 32

Absorption of Calcium?

Back 32

regulated by vitamin D, parathyroid hormone

Front 33

Absorption of Cl-?

Back 33

both passive and active

Front 34

What absorbs most of water?

Back 34

small intestine