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473 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Q001. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Abestos
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A001. Bronchogenic CA; Mesothelioma
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Q002. - Most Common Cause/Association:; (nonbacterial endocarditis, affecting mitral)
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A002. Libman-Sacks endocarditis
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Q003. - Most Common Cause/Association:; abl gene
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A003. CML
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Q004. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Acanthosis nigricans (hyperpigmentation and epidermal thickening)
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A004. visceral malignancy
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Q005. - Most Common Cause/Association:; ACTH - ACTH-like peptide
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A005. Small-cell lung
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Q006. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Actinic keratosis
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A006. squamous cell carcinoma
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Q007. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Acute Bacterial Endocarditis
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A007. Staph aureus, b Hemolytic Streptococci, E. coli; Common among drug addicts & diabetics
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Q008. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Acute Cor Pulmonale
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A008. Sudden right ventricular strain due to a massive pulmonary embolism
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Q009. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
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A009. Seen w/ infections from Enterovirus & Coxsackie A
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Q010. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Acute pancreatitis
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A010. alcohol; gall stones
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Q011. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Addison’s
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A011. Autoimmune (2nd – infection)
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Q012. - Most Common Cause/Association:; ADH
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A012. Small cell; Intracranial neoplasms
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Q013. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Adult leukemia
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A013. AML
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Q014. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease
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A014. Commonly see liver cysts & Berry aneurysms along w/ kidney cysts. Hematuria & HTN also present. 3 cysts in ea. Kidney w/ + family history confirms diagnosis
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Q015. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Aflatoxins
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A015. Hepatocellular CA
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Q016. - Most Common Cause/Association:; AFP and alpha-1 AT
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A016. Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Q017. - Most Common Cause/Association:; AIDS
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A017. aggressive malignant lyphomas (NHL) and Kaposis
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Q018. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Alkaline phosphatase
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A018. metastasis to bone, obstructive biliary disease, Pagets
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Q019. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Alpha-Feto Protien / AFP
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A019. Vitelline Yolk Sac Tumor; Hepatocellular CA
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Q020. - Most Common Cause/Association:; AMI in children
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A020. Kawasaki disease
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Q021. - Most Common Cause/Association:; ANA
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A021. SLE, not specific
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Q022. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Aneurysm, dissecting
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A022. Hypertension
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Q023. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Angiosarcoma of the liver
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A023. Vinyl Chloride; Arsenic; Thorotrast
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Q024. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Anticentromere
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A024. Scleroderma (CREST)
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Q025. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti-dsDNA antibodies
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A025. specific SLE
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Q026. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti-epithelial cell
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A026. Pemphigus vulgaris
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Q027. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Antihistone abs
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A027. drug-induced lupus. HIPP: hydralizine, isoniazid, procainamide, phenytoin
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Q028. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti-Jo-1
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A028. Polymyositis + dermatomyositis (CD8+, weakness)
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Q029. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti+A32-microsomal
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A029. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
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Q030. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti-mitochondrial
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A030. Primary biliary cirrhosis
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Q031. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti-presynaptic Ca channels - (Lambert-Eaton Syndrome)
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A031. Thymoma; Small cell lung
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Q032. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti-Scl-70
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A032. Scleroderma (diffuse)
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Q033. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti-Smith abs
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A033. specific SLE
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Q034. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
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A034. Atherosclerosis
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Q035. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Aortic aneurysm, ascending
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A035. tertiary syphilis
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Q036. - Most Common Cause/Association:; APC
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A036. colorectal cancer
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Q037. - Most Common Cause/Association:; APC 5p
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A037. Familial adenomatous polyposis, Colon CA
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Q038. - Most Common Cause/Association:; APC, DCC, p53 mutation
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A038. Colon Cancer tumor suppression genes
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Q039. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Arsenic
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A039. Squamous Cell CA
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Q040. - Most Common Cause/Association:; asculitis
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A040. Temoporal arteritis (risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery)
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Q041. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Autoimmune disease (Hashimotos, MG)
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A041. benign and malignant thymomas
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Q042. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Autosplenectomy due to fibrous and shrinkage
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A042. Sickle Cell anemia
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Q043. - Most Common Cause/Association:; AV fistula
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A043. Penetrating knife wound.
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Q044. - Most Common Cause/Association:; B HCG
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A044. hydatiform moles, choriocarc, gestational trophoblastic tumor
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Q045. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacteremia/ pneumonia (IVDA)
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A045. S. Aureus
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Q046. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacteria associated with cancer
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A046. H. Pylori
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Q047. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacteria found in GI tract
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A047. Bacteroides (2nd most common is E. coli)
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Q048. - Most Common Cause/Association:; bacteria in the GI tract
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A048. bacteriodes (#2 = e.coli)
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Q049. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacteria or pneumonia in an IV drug user
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A049. staph aureus
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Q050. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacterial meningitis (adults)
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A050. Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Q051. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacterial meningitis (elderly)
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A051. S. Pneumoniae
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Q052. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacterial meningitis (kids)
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A052. S. pneumoniae or Neisseria meningitidis
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Q053. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacterial meningitis (newborns)
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A053. Group B streptococcus
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Q054. - Most Common Cause/Association:; bacterial meningitis in young adults
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A054. Neisseria meningitidis
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Q055. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Baker's Cyst in Popliteal Fossa
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A055. Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Q056. - Most Common Cause/Association:; barretts esophagus
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A056. esophageal adenocarcinoma
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Q057. - Most Common Cause/Association:; bcl-2
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A057. CML,; follicular and undifferentiated lymphoma
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Q058. - Most Common Cause/Association:; BCR-Abl
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A058. CML
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Q059. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Benign breast tumor
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A059. Fibroadenoma
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Q060. - Most Common Cause/Association:; benign melanocytic nevus
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A060. spitz nevus (most common in first 2 decades of life)
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Q061. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Benign ovarian tumor
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A061. serous cystadenoma
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Q062. - Most Common Cause/Association:; b-HCG
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A062. Hydatidiform Mole; Choriocarcinoma; Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor
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Q063. - Most Common Cause/Association:; bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
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A063. Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion)
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Q064. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Blindness
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A064. Diabetic retinopathy
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Q065. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Blindness - preventable
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A065. Chlamydia
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Q066. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Blood Metastasis
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A066. Sarcoma, exception – renal cell CA: early venous invasion
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Q067. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bombesin
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A067. Neuroblastoma; Lung; Gastric
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Q068. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bone Fever
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A068. Dengue: Group B Togavirus, from the Arbovirus, transmitted by mosquitos
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Q069. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Brain tumor - supratentorial (kids)
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A069. Craniopharyngioma
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Q070. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Brain tumor (adults)
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A070. Metastasis > astrocytoma (including GM)> meningioma > shwannoma
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Q071. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Brain tumor (kids)
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A071. Medullablastoma (cerebellum)
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Q072. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Brain tumor - supratentorial (kids)
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A072. Cranipharyngioma
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Q073. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Brain tumors in adults (Supratentorial)
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A073. supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (gliobastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
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Q074. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Brain tumors in kids (Infratentorial)
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A074. Infratentorial = astrocytoma > medulloblastoma > ependyoma
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Q075. - Most Common Cause/Association:; BRCA-1 17q
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A075. Breast CA, Ovarian CA
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Q076. - Most Common Cause/Association:; BRCA-2 13q
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A076. Breast CA
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Q077. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Breast cancer
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A077. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the US, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)
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Q078. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Breast mass
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A078. Fibrocystic change (in postmenopausal women, carinoma is the most common)
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Q079. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Breast tumor (benign)
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A079. Fibroadenoma
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Q080. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bronchiectasis
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A080. predisposed by chronic sinusitis and post nasal drip; Supparation associated; Lower lobe > than upper lobe involvement
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Q081. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Acute Endocarditis
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A081. Staph aureus
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Q082. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Bacterial Arthritis in young Adults
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A082. Neisseria ghonorrhea
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Q083. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Bacterial Meningitis – elderly
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A083. Strep pneumoniae
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Q084. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Bacterial Meningitis – newborns
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A084. E. coli
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Q085. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Bacterial Meningitis – toddlers
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A085. Hib
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Q086. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Bacterial Meningitis – young adults
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A086. Neisseria meningitidis
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Q087. - Most Common Cause/Association:; bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient
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A087. Klebsiella
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Q088. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Epiglottitis
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A088. Hib
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Q089. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in food poisoning
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A089. Staph aureus
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Q090. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in GI Tract
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A090. Bacteroides 2. E. coli
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Q091. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in IV drug user bacteremia / pneumonia
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A091. Staph aureus
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Q092. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in opportunistic infection of AIDS
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A092. CMV Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall
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Q093. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in PID
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A093. N. Gonnorrhoeae or Chlamydia
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Q094. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Pneumonia - Community - atypical
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A094. Mycoplasma 2. Legionella
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Q095. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Pneumonia - Community - typical
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A095. Strep pneumoniae 2. H. influenza 3. Klebsiella
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Q096. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Pneumonia - Hospital aquired
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A096. Klebsiella 2. Psuedomonas 3. E. coli
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Q097. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Subacute Endocarditis
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A097. Strep Viridans
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Q098. - Most Common Cause/Association:; C3b
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A098. Involved in Opsonization (& IgG)
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Q099. - Most Common Cause/Association:; C5a
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A099. Involved in Chemotaxis (for Neutrophils)
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Q100. - Most Common Cause/Association:; CA-125
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A100. ovarian, malignant epithelial tumors
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Q101. - Most Common Cause/Association:; CA-19-9
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A101. pancreatic adenocarcinoma
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Q102. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Calcitonin
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A102. Medullary C-cell thyroid
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Q103. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Calf pseudohypertrophy
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A103. Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
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Q104. - Most Common Cause/Association:; C-ANCA
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A104. antineutrophil. Vasculitis. Wegener's granulomatosis.
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Q105. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer - Leukemia - <14 yo
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A105. ALL
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Q106. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer - Leukemia - >60 yo
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A106. CLL
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Q107. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer - Leukemia - 15-39 yo
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A107. AML
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Q108. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer - Leukemia - 40-60 yo
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A108. CML
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Q109. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer associated with AIDS
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A109. Kaposi's sarcoma
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Q110. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Acanthosis Nigricans
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A110. Gastric Adenocarcinoma; Viscero Malignancy
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Q111. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Achalasia
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A111. squamous esophageal cancer
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Q112. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Actinic Keratosis
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A112. SCC
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Q113. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in AIDS
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A113. Non-Hodgkin's; Kaposi Sarcoma
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Q114. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Barret's Esophagus
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A114. Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
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Q115. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Gynecologic - malignancy
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A115. Endometrial Carcinoma
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Q116. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Immunodeficient states
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A116. malignant lymphomas
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Q117. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Infancy
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A117. Hemangioma
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Q118. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Kids
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A118. Leukemia 2. Medulloblastoma of brain, cerebellum
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Q119. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Men
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A119. Prostate CA
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Q120. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Pagets disease of bone
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A120. secondary osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma
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Q121. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Plummer Vinson syndrome
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A121. squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus
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Q122. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Women - malignant
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A122. Breast CA
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Q123. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Adrenal Medulla– adults
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A123. Pheochromocytoma
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Q124. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Adrenal Medulla– kids
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A124. Neuroblastoma
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Q125. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Appendix Carcinoid - rare
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A125. metastasis
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Q126. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Bone
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A126. Metasteses from Breast & Prostate
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Q127. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Bone - primary - adults
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A127. Multiple Myeloma
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Q128. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Brain– Child
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A128. Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
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Q129. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Brain–Adult
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A129. Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: metastasis, meningioma, Schwannoma
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Q130. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Breast
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A130. Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma
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Q131. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Connective Tissue - benign
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A131. Lipoma
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Q132. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Esophagus
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A132. SCCA
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Q133. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Esophagus - malignant
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A133. SCC (60%) > adenocarcinoma (40%)
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Q134. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Esophagus (Benign)
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A134. Leiomyoma
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Q135. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Heart A138- adults
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A135. Metasteses
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Q136. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Heart - Primary– adults (Benign)
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A136. Myxoma “Ball Valve”
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Q137. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Heart - Primary– kids (Benign)
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A137. Rhabdomyoma
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Q138. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Liver
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A138. Metastasis; lung > GI
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Q139. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Liver - benign
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A139. Cavernous hemangioma
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Q140. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the liver - Primary
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A140. Hepatocellular CA
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Q141. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the liver - Primary, benign
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A141. Cavernous Hemangioma
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Q142. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Mouth
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A142. SCC or Mucoepidermoid CA
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Q143. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Mouth - upper lip
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A143. Basal Cell CA
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Q144. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Nasal cavities
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A144. SCC
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Q145. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Ovary - benign
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A145. Serous cystadenoma
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Q146. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Ovary - malignant
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A146. Serous cystadenocarcinoma
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Q147. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Pancreas
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A147. Adenocarcinoma (usually in the head)
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Q148. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Pituitary
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A148. Prolactinoma (2nd – Somatotropic “Acidophilic” Adenoma)
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Q149. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Placenta - benign
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A149. Cavernous hemangioma
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Q150. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Salivery Glands
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A150. Pleimorphic Adenoma
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Q151. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Skin
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A151. Basal Cell Carcinoma
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Q152. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Small Bowel Carcinoid - frequent
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A152. metastasis from ileum
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Q153. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Spleen - benign
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A153. Cavernous hemangioma
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Q154. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Stomach
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A154. Gastric Adenocarcinoma; intestinal type or diffuse type
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Q155. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Testicles
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A155. Seminoma
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Q156. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Thyroid
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A156. Papillary Carcinoma
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Q157. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer that invades the Female GU tract
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A157. Endometrial Adenocarcinoma
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Q158. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer; malignant lymphoma in kids
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A158. Burkitt's lymphoma
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Q159. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer; Site of metastasis
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A159. Regional Lymph Nodes
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Q160. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer; Site of metastasis (2nd most common)
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A160. Liver
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Q161. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer;Genetic Alteration
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A161. p53
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Q162. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cardia tumor (adults)
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A162. Metastasis
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Q163. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cardiac primary tumor (adults)
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A163. Myxoma 4:1 Left to right atrium
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Q164. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
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A164. Rhabdomyoma
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Q165. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cardiac tumor (adults)
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A165. Metastasis
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Q166. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cardiac tumor in adults
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A166. Metastasis; Primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium, "ball and valve")
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Q167. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cardiomyopathy
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A167. Dilated Cardiomyopathy
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Q168. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Carpal bone dislocation
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A168. Lunate
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Q169. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Carpal bone fracture
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A169. Scaphoid
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Q170. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Caseation necrosis
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A170. Combination of both coagulation & liquefaction necrosis; Seen w/ M. tuberculosis & Histoplasma capsulatum infection
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Q171. - Most Common Cause/Association:; CCl4 Carbon Tetrachlrodie - Cleaning Industry
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A171. Centrilobular Necrosis - Hepatic
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Q172. - Most Common Cause/Association:; CEA
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A172. Colon; Rectal; PancrEAtic; BrEAst
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Q173. - Most Common Cause/Association:; CEA and bombesin
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A173. Gastric Adenocarcinoma markers
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Q174. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cellulitis
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A174. Spreading infection due to streptococcus
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Q175. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
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A175. Arnold-Chiari malformation (can often lead to hydrocephalus)
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Q176. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cerebral Embolism
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A176. MI w/ Mural Thrombi; Atrial Fib Thrombi = Marantic thrombi; L-sided Bacterial Endocarditis; Paradoxical Embolism of septal defect
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Q177. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Chromosomal disorder
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A177. Down syndrome (associated with ALL, Alzheimer's, dementia, and endocardial cushion defects
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Q178. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Chromosome 11p
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A178. Wilms tumor of the kidney
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Q179. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Chromosome 13
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A179. Retinoblastoma
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Q180. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Chromosome 5p-
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A180. Cri di Chat: mental retardation; small head; wide set eyes; low set ears; cat-like cry
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Q181. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Chronic arrhythmia
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A181. Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
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Q182. - Most Common Cause/Association:; chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, postsurgery gastric remnants
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A182. gastric adenocarcinoma
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Q183. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Chronic pancreatitis
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A183. Alcohol in adults; Cystic fibrosis in kids
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Q184. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cirrhosis
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A184. Alcohol
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Q185. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cloudy swelling
|
A185. Failure of cellular Na pump; Seen in Fatty degeneration of the liver and in Hydropic (Vacuolar) degeneration of the liver
|
|
|
Q186. - Most Common Cause/Association:; c-MYC
|
A186. Burkitt's Lymphoma
|
|
|
Q187. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Coagulation necrosis
|
A187. Result of sudden ischemia; Seen in organs w/ end arteries limited collateral circulation) = heart, lung, kidney, spleen
|
|
|
Q188. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
|
A188. 21 hydroxylase deficiency
|
|
|
Q189. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Congenital cardiac anomaly
|
A189. VSD membranous > muscular
|
|
|
Q190. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
|
A190. dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
|
|
|
Q191. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Congenital early cyanosis
|
A191. Tetralogy of Fallot
|
|
|
Q192. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Congenital GI anomaly
|
A192. Meckel's diverticulum
|
|
|
Q193. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Constrictive pericarditis
|
A193. Tuberculosis
|
|
|
Q194. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Coronary arteries involved in thrombosis
|
A194. LAD > RCA > LCA
|
|
|
Q195. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cretinism
|
A195. Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
|
|
|
Q196. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cushings
|
A196. Exogenous Steroid Therapy (then, primary ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH)
|
|
|
Q197. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cyanosis (early, less common)
|
A197. Tetralogy of fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
|
|
|
Q198. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Cyanosis (late, more common)
|
A198. VSD, ASD, PDA (close with indomethacin, open with misoprostol)
|
|
|
Q199. - Most Common Cause/Association:; DCC 18q
|
A199. Colon & Stomach CA
|
|
|
Q200. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Death in Alzheimer pts
|
A200. Pneumonia
|
|
|
Q201. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Death in CML
|
A201. Blast crisis
|
|
|
Q202. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Death in Diabetics
|
A202. MI
|
|
|
Q203. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Death in HTN
|
A203. AMI 2. lenticulostriate stroke 3. renal failure (benign nephrosclerosis)
|
|
|
Q204. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Death in SLE
|
A204. Lupus nephropathy
|
|
|
Q205. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Death in USA
|
A205. Ischemic Heart Disease
|
|
|
Q206. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Dementia
|
A206. Alzheimer's (2nd most common is multi -infarct)
|
|
|
Q207. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Demyelinating disease
|
A207. Multiple sclerosis
|
|
|
Q208. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
|
A208. Parkinson's Disease Pathology
|
|
|
Q209. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Deverticulum in the pharynx
|
A209. Zenker's diverticulum (dx with barium swallow)
|
|
|
Q210. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Diarrhea - children
|
A210. Rotavirus
|
|
|
Q211. - Most Common Cause/Association:; DIC
|
A211. Gram negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma
|
|
|
Q212. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Dietary Deficiency
|
A212. Iron
|
|
|
Q213. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Disk herniation
|
A213. L4-L5
|
|
|
Q214. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Dissecting aneurysm
|
A214. hypertension
|
|
|
Q215. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Dissecting Aneurysm (+/- slitlike cysts)
|
A215. Medial Cystic Necrosis of Erdheim
|
|
|
Q216. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Dissecting Aneurysm (False aneurysm, splitting of the media of the aorta)
|
A216. Usually accompanied w/ long history of severe hypertension, also seen w/ familial hyperlipidemia, atherosclerotic disease,
|
|
|
Q217. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Dissecting Aneurysm (Zones of medial necrosis)
|
A217. Marfan’s Collagen disease
|
|
|
Q218. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Down Syndrome
|
A218. 1) ALL; 2) Hirschprung (aganglionic megacolon); 3) Dudoenal Atresia; 4) Polyhydramnios
|
|
|
Q220. - Most Common Cause/Association:; DPC 18q
|
A220. Pancreatic CA
|
|
|
Q222. - Most Common Cause/Association:; dysplastic nevus
|
A222. malignant melanoma
|
|
|
Q223. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Early cyanosis (less common)
|
A223. Tetrology of fallot, transposition of the great vessels, truncus arteriosis
|
|
|
Q224. - Most Common Cause/Association:; EBV
|
A224. Burkitt's; Follicular Lymphoma; *** Nasopharygeal CA
|
|
|
Q225. - Most Common Cause/Association:; End-stage Renal Disease
|
A225. Diabetes
|
|
|
Q226. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Enzyme deficiency
|
A226. 21 hydroxylase; 95% of CAH
|
|
|
Q227. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Epidural hematoma
|
A227. rupture of the middle meningeal artery
|
|
|
Q228. - Most Common Cause/Association:; epiglottitis
|
A228. Haemophilus influenza type B
|
|
|
Q229. - Most Common Cause/Association:; erb-2
|
A229. Breast CA; Ovarian CA; Gastric CA
|
|
|
Q230. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Esophageal cancer
|
A230. Squamous CC (worldwide); Adenocarcinoma (U.S)
|
|
|
Q231. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Fat necrosis
|
A231. Result of lipase actions liberated from pancreatic enzymes; Seen w/ Acute pancreatitis = saponification results
|
|
|
Q232. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Fatal genetic defect in Caucasians
|
A232. Cystic Fibrosis
|
|
|
Q233. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Fatty degeneration
|
A233. Made up primarily of triglycerides; Most commonly due to alcoholism which commonly leads to hepatic cirrhosis; Associated w/ CCl4
|
|
|
Q234. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Fibrinoid necrosis
|
A234. Seen in the walls of small arteries; Associated w/ malignant hypertension, polyarteritis nodosa, immune mediated vasculitis
|
|
|
Q235. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Fibrinous Pericarditis
|
A235. Associated w/ MI: Dressler’s
|
|
|
Q236. - Most Common Cause/Association:; FMR1 Gene Defect
|
A236. Fragile X Syndrome: macro -orchidism; long face; large jaw; large everted ears; autism, mental retardation
|
|
|
Q237. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Food poisoning
|
A237. S. Aureus
|
|
|
Q238. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Form of Amyloidosis
|
A238. Immunologic Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain
|
|
|
Q239. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Form of Tularemia
|
A239. Ulceroglandular
|
|
|
Q240. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Gas Emboli
|
A240. Caisson disease
|
|
|
Q241. - Most Common Cause/Association:; gene involved in cancer
|
A241. p53 tumor suppressor gene
|
|
|
Q242. - Most Common Cause/Association:; GI obstruction
|
A242. Adhesions 2. Indirect inguinal hernia
|
|
|
Q243. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Glomerulonephritis
|
A243. IgA nephropathy aka Berger's
|
|
|
Q244. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Glomerulonephritis (adults)
|
A244. IgA nephropathy (berger's disease)
|
|
|
Q245. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Group affected by cystic fibrosis
|
A245. Caucasians (fat soluble vitamin deficiencies, mucous plugs/ lung infectious)
|
|
|
Q246. - Most Common Cause/Association:; gynecologic malignancy
|
A246. endometrial cancer; ovarian; cervical (in US)
|
|
|
Q247. - Most Common Cause/Association:; hCG
|
A247. Pregnancy; Hydatidiform Mole; Choriocarcinoma; dysgerminoma/seminoma
|
|
|
Q248. - Most Common Cause/Association:; heart murmur
|
A248. Mitral valve prolapse
|
|
|
Q249. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Heart valve (rheumatic fever)
|
A249. Mitral valve (aortic is 2nd)
|
|
|
Q250. - Most Common Cause/Association:; heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
|
A250. mitral
|
|
|
Q251. - Most Common Cause/Association:; heart valve in bacterial endocarditis in IVDA
|
A251. Tricuspid
|
|
|
Q252. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Heart Valve in bacterial endocarditis IV drug users
|
A252. Tricuspid
|
|
|
Q253. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Helminth infection (U.S)
|
A253. Enterobius vermicularis (Ascaris lumbricoides is 2nd most common)
|
|
|
Q254. - Most Common Cause/Association:; hemachromatosis
|
A254. multiple blood transfusions
|
|
|
Q256. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hematoma (epidural)
|
A256. Ruputure of Middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast)
|
|
|
Q257. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hematoma (subdural)
|
A257. Ruputure of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow)
|
|
|
Q258. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hemochromatosis
|
A258. Multiple blood transfusion (can result in CHF and increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
|
|
|
Q259. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hemorrhagic Pericarditis
|
A259. Associated w/ TB or neoplasm
|
|
|
Q260. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hep B and C
|
A260. Hepatocellular CA
|
|
|
Q261. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hepatic cirrhosis
|
A261. EtOH
|
|
|
Q262. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hepatocellular carcinoma
|
A262. Cirrhotic liver (often associated with hep. B and C)
|
|
|
Q263. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hereditary bleeding disorder
|
A263. Von Willebrand's
|
|
|
Q264. - Most Common Cause/Association:; hereditary harmless jaundice
|
A264. Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
|
|
|
Q265. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hereditary Nephritis
|
A265. Alport’s syndrome. X linked; Renal disease w/ deafness & ocualr abnormalities
|
|
|
Q266. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hernia
|
A266. Indirect
|
|
|
Q267. - Most Common Cause/Association:; HHPV8
|
A267. Kaposi Sarcoma
|
|
|
Q268. - Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA-A3
|
A268. hemochromatosis
|
|
|
Q269. - Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA-B27
|
A269. Psoriasis; Ankylosing spondylitis; IBD; Reiter's syndrome
|
|
|
Q270. - Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA-B8
|
A270. Graves' dz, celiac sprue
|
|
|
Q271. - Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA-DR2
|
A271. Multiple Sclerosis; Hay fever; SLE; Goodpasture's syndrome
|
|
|
Q272. - Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA-DR3
|
A272. Diabetes mellitus type 1
|
|
|
Q273. - Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA-DR3 or DR4
|
A273. DM type I, RA, SLE
|
|
|
Q274. - Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA-DR4
|
A274. Diabetes mellitus type 1; Rheumatoid arthritis
|
|
|
Q275. - Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA-DR5
|
A275. Pernicious anemia; Hashimoto's thyroiditis
|
|
|
Q276. - Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA-DR7
|
A276. steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome
|
|
|
Q277. - Most Common Cause/Association:; hospital acquired pneumonia
|
A277. Klebsiella
|
|
|
Q278. - Most Common Cause/Association:; HPV
|
A278. Cervical NIC
|
|
|
Q279. - Most Common Cause/Association:; HTLV-1
|
A279. T-cell Hairy Cell Leukemia; Adult T-cell Leukemia
|
|
|
Q280. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hydropic degeneration
|
A280. Severe form of cloudy swelling
|
|
|
Q281. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypercalcemia
|
A281. hyperparathyroidism
|
|
|
Q282. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hyperparathyroidism - Primary
|
A282. Adenomas (followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
|
|
|
Q283. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hyperparathyroidism - Secondary
|
A283. Hypocalcemia of Chronic Renal Failure
|
|
|
Q284. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypertension
|
A284. Essentail (95%) 2. Renal disease
|
|
|
Q285. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypertension; children
|
A285. Renal disease; cystic disease, Wilm's tumor
|
|
|
Q286. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypertension - young women
|
A286. Oral contraceptives
|
|
|
Q287. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypertension, secondary
|
A287. Renal disease
|
|
|
Q288. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hyperthyroidism
|
A288. Graves' Disease
|
|
|
Q289. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypoparathyroidism
|
A289. Thyroidectomy
|
|
|
Q290. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypopituitarism
|
A290. Adenoma
|
|
|
Q291. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypopituitarism - adults
|
A291. Nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma
|
|
|
Q292. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypopituitarism - kids
|
A292. Craniopharyngioma
|
|
|
Q293. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypothyroidism
|
A293. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
|
|
|
Q294. - Most Common Cause/Association:; IL-1
|
A294. Squamous lung; Metastasis to bone; mutiple myeloma; Breast; RCC
|
|
|
Q295. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Infection in blood transfusion
|
A295. Hep. C
|
|
|
Q296. - Most Common Cause/Association:; infection in burn victims
|
A296. Pseudomonas
|
|
|
Q297. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Intussusception
|
A297. terminal ileum into cecum
|
|
|
Q298. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Keratomalacia
|
A298. Severe Vit A deficiency. See Bitot’s spots in the eyes = gray plaques = thickened, keratinized ET
|
|
|
Q299. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Kidney stones
|
A299. Calcium = radioopaque (2nd most common is ammonium = radiopaque; formed by urease positive organisms such as proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus
|
|
|
Q300. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Langerhan Cell Histiocytosis
|
A300. Letter Siwe syndrome; Hand Schuller Christian Disease; Eosinophilic Granuloma; Birbeck granules are present = tennis racket shape
|
|
|
Q301. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Late cyanosis (more common)
|
A301. VSD, ASD, or PDA
|
|
|
Q302. - Most Common Cause/Association:; LDH1 & LDH2
|
A302. Myocardium. LDH1 higher than LDH2 = Myocardial Infarction
|
|
|
Q303. - Most Common Cause/Association:; LDH3
|
A303. Lung tissue
|
|
|
Q304. - Most Common Cause/Association:; LDH4 & LDH5
|
A304. Liver cells
|
|
|
Q305. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Leukemia (adults)
|
A305. AML
|
|
|
Q306. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Liquefaction necrosis
|
A306. Rapid enzymatic break down of lipids; Seen commonly in Brain & Spinal cord (CNS) injuries; Seen in suppurative infections = pus formation
|
|
|
Q307. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Liver disease
|
A307. Alcoholic liver disease
|
|
|
Q308. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Liver infection
|
A308. Viral Hepatitis - HVA
|
|
|
Q309. - Most Common Cause/Association:; L-myc
|
A309. lung tumor
|
|
|
Q310. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Lobar pneumonia
|
A310. Due to Strep. Pneumoniae infection (5% due to Klebsiella)
|
|
|
Q311. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Lobular Bronchopneumonia
|
A311. Due to Staph aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella; E. coli; Abscess formation is common
|
|
|
Q312. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Location of Adult brain tumors
|
A312. Above Tentorium
|
|
|
Q313. - Most Common Cause/Association:; location of brain tumors (adult)
|
A313. Supratentorial
|
|
|
Q314. - Most Common Cause/Association:; location of brain tumors (kids)
|
A314. Infratentorial
|
|
|
Q315. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Lymph Metastasis
|
A315. Carcinoma, exception – renal cell CA: early venous invasion
|
|
|
Q316. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Lysosomal storage disease
|
A316. Gaucher's disease
|
|
|
Q317. - Most Common Cause/Association:; male cancer
|
A317. Prostatic carcinoma
|
|
|
Q318. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
|
A318. Hodgkin's disease
|
|
|
Q319. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Malignant ovarian tumor
|
A319. Serous cystadenocarcinoma (assoc with psammoma bodies)
|
|
|
Q320. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Malignant skin tumor
|
A320. Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)
|
|
|
Q321. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Membranoproliferative GN
|
A321. Can be secondary to complement deficiency; chronic infections; CLL; See tram tracking
|
|
|
Q322. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Mental retardation
|
A322. Down’s or Fragile X , Fetal alcohol syndrome
|
|
|
Q323. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Metabisfite Test
|
A323. Suspending RBCs in a low O2 content solution; Can detect Hemoglobin S, which sickles in low O2
|
|
|
Q324. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Metastasis to bone
|
A324. Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
|
|
|
Q325. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Metastasis to brain
|
A325. Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI
|
|
|
Q326. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Metastasis to liver
|
A326. Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast and lung carcinomas
|
|
|
Q327. - Most Common Cause/Association:; MI
|
A327. Atherosclerosis
|
|
|
Q328. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
|
A328. Can be due to Hemolyitc Uremic Syndrome & Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP); See Helmet cells
|
|
|
Q329. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Mitral Insufficiency
|
A329. Ruptured papillary muscle
|
|
|
Q330. - Most Common Cause/Association:; mitral valve stenosis
|
A330. rheumatic heart disease
|
|
|
Q331. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Mobitz I
|
A331. Usually due to inferior MI. Rarely goes into 3rd degree block. Txt w/ Atropine or Isoproterenol.
|
|
|
Q332. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Mobitz II
|
A332. Often goes to 3rd degree AV block. Usually due to anterior MI.
|
|
|
Q333. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Mononucleosis
|
A333. Due to EBV infeciton; If Mono is treated w/ Ampicillin, thinking that it is a strep pharyngitis, a rash will occur.
|
|
|
Q334. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Motor neuron disease
|
A334. ALS
|
|
|
Q335. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Myocarditis
|
A335. Coxsackie B
|
|
|
Q336. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Necrotizing Fasciitis
|
A336. Group A Streptococci
|
|
|
Q337. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Neoplasm (kids)
|
A337. ALL (2nd most common is cerebellar medulloblastoma)
|
|
|
Q338. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Nephritic syndrome (kids)
|
A338. Minimcal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)
|
|
|
Q339. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Nephrotic syndrome
|
A339. Membranousglomerulonephritis
|
|
|
Q340. - Most Common Cause/Association:; NF1
|
A340. Neurofibromatosis 1; neurofibromas; fibrosarcomas; cafe au lait; iris hamartoma
|
|
|
Q341. - Most Common Cause/Association:; NF-1 17q
|
A341. Neurofibromatosis type 1
|
|
|
Q342. - Most Common Cause/Association:; NF2
|
A342. Neurofibromatosis 2; Acoustinc neuromas; Juvenile cataracts
|
|
|
Q343. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Nitrosamines
|
A343. Esophagus; Stomach
|
|
|
Q344. - Most Common Cause/Association:; N-myc
|
A344. neuroblastoma
|
|
|
Q345. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Obstruction of male urinary tract
|
A345. BPH
|
|
|
Q346. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Ochronosis
|
A346. Alkaptonuria; Error in tyrosine metabolism due to Homogentisic acid (oxidizes tyrosine); Involving intervertebral disks = Ankylosing Spondilitis = Poker spine; See dark urine; dark coloration of sclera, tendons, cartilage
|
|
|
Q347. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Opportunistic infection in AIDS
|
A347. Pneumocystitis carinii pneumonia
|
|
|
Q348. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Organ receiving metastasis
|
A348. Adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply)
|
|
|
Q349. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Organ sending metastasis
|
A349. Lung > breast, stomach
|
|
|
Q350. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Osteomyelitis
|
A350. S. Aureus
|
|
|
Q351. - Most Common Cause/Association:; osteomyelitis in IV Drug Abuser
|
A351. Pseudomonas
|
|
|
Q352. - Most Common Cause/Association:; osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease
|
A352. Salmonella
|
|
|
Q353. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Ovarian tumor (benign)
|
A353. serous cystadenoma
|
|
|
Q354. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Ovarian tumor (malignant)
|
A354. Serous cystadenocarcinoma
|
|
|
Q355. - Most Common Cause/Association:; p16
|
A355. melanoma
|
|
|
Q356. - Most Common Cause/Association:; p53
|
A356. Li-fraumeli - Ataxia Telagiectasia
|
|
|
Q357. - Most Common Cause/Association:; p53 17p
|
A357. Most human Cancers
|
|
|
Q358. - Most Common Cause/Association:; P-ANCA
|
A358. antineutrophil. vasculitis. PAN
|
|
|
Q359. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Pancreatic tumor
|
A359. Adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas)
|
|
|
Q360. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Pancreatitis (acute)
|
A360. EtOH and gallstones
|
|
|
Q361. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Pancreatitis (chronic)
|
A361. EtOH (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
|
|
|
Q362. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Paradoxical embolism
|
A362. Right to Left shunt allows a venous embolism to enter arterial circulation; Patent ovale foramen or Atrial septal defect
|
|
|
Q363. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Parainfluenza
|
A363. Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
|
|
|
Q364. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Parvovirus B19
|
A364. Fifth Disease: Erythema Infectiosum (ssDNA). Linked w/ sicle cell anemia
|
|
|
Q365. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
|
A365. ALL=child, CLL=adult>60, AML = Adult >60, CML= adult 35- 50
|
|
|
Q366. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Patient with AML
|
A366. adult > 60 years
|
|
|
Q367. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Patient with CLL
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A367. adult > 60 years
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Q368. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Patient with CML
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A368. adult 35-50
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Q369. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Patient with Hodgkins
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A369. Young male (except nodular sclerosis type -female)
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Q370. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Patient with minimal change diesase (podocyte foot process fusion)
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A370. young child
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Q371. - Most Common Cause/Association:; patient with reiter's
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A371. male with HLA-B27
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Q372. - Most Common Cause/Association:; pelvic inflammatory disease
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A372. neisseria gonorrheae (monoarticular arthritis)
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Q373. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Peripheral Neuropathy
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A373. Diabetes
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Q374. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Philadelphia Chromosome
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A374. CML
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Q375. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Phlebothrombosis
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A375. From a vein of lower extremities, of a pregnant uterus, in Congestive heart failure, bed ridden pt,; As a complicaiton in a pt w/ Pancreatic CA due to -d blood coagulability
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Q376. - Most Common Cause/Association:; PID
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A376. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)
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Q377. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Pituitary tumor
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A377. Prolactinoma (2nd-somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma)
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Q378. - Most Common Cause/Association:; PML’s infectious agent
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A378. JC Virus (Papovavirus = dsDNA, naked icosahedral capsid)
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Q379. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Pneumonia in cystic fibrosis, burn infection
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A379. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Q380. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Pneumonia, hospital acquired
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A380. Klebsiella
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Q381. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Portal Hypertension
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A381. Cirrhosis
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Q382. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Preventable blindness
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A382. Chlamydia
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Q383. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Preventable cancer
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A383. Lung cancer
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Q384. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary adrenocortical deficiency
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A384. Addison's disease
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Q385. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary amenorrhea
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A385. Turner's syndrome (XO)
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Q386. - Most Common Cause/Association:; primary bone tumor
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A386. Adults = multiple myeloma; Kids = osteosarcoma; Benign = osteochondroma
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Q387. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary bone tumor (adult)
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A387. Multiple myeloma
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Q388. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary cardiac tumor of kids
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A388. Rhabdomyoma (assoc with tuberus sclerosis)
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Q389. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary hyperaldosteronism
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A389. Adenoma of adrenal cortex
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Q390. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary hyperparathyroidism
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A390. Adenomas (followed by hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
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Q391. - Most Common Cause/Association:; primary liver cancer
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A391. hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma)
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Q392. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary liver tumor
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A392. Hepatoma
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Q393. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Protozoal Diarrhea
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A393. Giardia
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Q394. - Most Common Cause/Association:; PSA
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A394. Prostate Specific Antigen = elevated in prostatic CA
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Q395. - Most Common Cause/Association:; PTH -rp
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A395. Squamous lung; RCC; Breast; Multiple myeloma; Bone metastasis
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Q396. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Pulmonary embolism
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A396. Most commonly thrombus from lower extremity vein
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Q397. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Pulmonary HTN
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A397. COPD
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Q398. - Most Common Cause/Association:; ras
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A398. colon carcinoma
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Q399. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Rb 13q
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A399. Retinoblastoma, Osteosarcoma
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Q400. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Renal Failure
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A400. Acute tubular necrosis
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Q401. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Renal tumor
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A401. Renal cell carcinoma; associated with von Hippel-Lindau and acquired polycystic kidney disease, paraneoplastic syndromes (erythropoietin, renin, PTH, ACTH)
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Q402. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
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A402. Aka infiltrative cardiomyopathy that stiffens the heart; Due to amyloidosis in the elderly; also see schaumann & asteroid bodies in young (<25 yoa).
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Q403. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Ret
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A403. MEN II and III; including:; Pheochromocytoma; Medullary thyroid carcinoma; Parathyroid (IIa); Cutaneous and gangilio neuromas (III)
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Q404. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Right Heart Failure
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A404. Left heart failure
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Q405. - Most Common Cause/Association:; right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
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A405. Cor pulmonale
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Q406. - Most Common Cause/Association:; RSV
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A406. Bronchiolitis in infants
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Q408. - Most Common Cause/Association:; S-100
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A408. Melanoma; APUD tumors
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Q409. - Most Common Cause/Association:; secondary hyperparathyroidism
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A409. Hypocalcemia of chronic renal failure
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Q410. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Secondary Hypertension
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A410. Renal disease
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Q411. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Serous Pericarditis
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A411. Associated w/ nonbacterial; viral (Coxsackie) infection; immunologic reaction.
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Q412. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Sexually transmitted disease
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A412. Chlamydia
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Q413. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Sheehan's syndrome
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A413. Postpartum pituitary infarction secondary to hemorrhage
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Q414. - Most Common Cause/Association:; SIADH
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A414. small cell carcinoma of the lung
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Q415. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Single Gene Disorder
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A415. Thalassemia
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Q416. - Most Common Cause/Association:; site of Aneurysm
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A416. Abdominal aorta
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Q417. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Site of Aneurysm of Circle of Willis
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A417. Anterior communicating artery; bitemporal hemianopsia
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Q418. - Most Common Cause/Association:; site of atherosclerosis
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A418. abdominal aorta (AAA) > coronary (MI) > popliteal (claudication) > carotid (stroke)
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Q419. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Site of diverticula
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A419. Sigmoid colon
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Q420. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Site of metastasis
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A420. Regional lymph nodes
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Q421. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Site of metastasis (2nd most common)
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A421. Liver
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Q422. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Sites of artherosclerosis
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A422. Abdominal aorta > coronary> popliteal > carotid
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Q423. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Skin cancer
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A423. Basal cell carcinoma
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Q424. - Most Common Cause/Association:; STD
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A424. chlamydia (50% females are asx); ghonorrhea
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Q425. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Stomach cancer
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A425. Adenocarcinoma
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Q426. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
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A426. a Hemolytic Streptococci (S. viridans) = usually in pt w/ pre -existing heart problem
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Q427. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Subdural hematoma
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A427. rupture of the bridging veins
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Q428. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
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A428. Obstructed due to bronchogenic carcinoma. Causing swollen face & cyanosis.
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Q429. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Surgical Emergency
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A429. Acute Appendicitis
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Q430. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Swimming Pool Conjunctivitis
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A430. Adenovirus (types 3 & 4)
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Q431. - Most Common Cause/Association:; t(11;14)
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A431. Mantle cell lymphoma; involving BCL1 (cyclin D1) and IgH
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Q432. - Most Common Cause/Association:; t(11;18)(q21;q21)
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A432. MALT lymphoma; API2 and MLT
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Q433. - Most Common Cause/Association:; t(11;22)
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A433. Ewing's sarcoma
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Q434. - Most Common Cause/Association:; t(14;18)
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A434. Follicular B cell
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Q435. - Most Common Cause/Association:; t(14;18)(q32;q21)
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A435. Follicular lymphoma (FL); bcl-2 gene (18) translocated to Ig gene(14)
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Q436. - Most Common Cause/Association:; t(15;17)(q22lq12 -21)
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A436. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML)
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Q437. - Most Common Cause/Association:; t(2;5)(p23;q35)
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A437. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL); ALK and NPM
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Q438. - Most Common Cause/Association:; t(3;14)(q27;q32)
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A438. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; bcl-6/IgH
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Q439. - Most Common Cause/Association:; T(8;14)
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A439. Burkitt’s lymphoma = c-myc oncogene overexpression
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Q440. - Most Common Cause/Association:; T(9;22)
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A440. CML = c-abl/bcr gene formation = Philadelphia translocation
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Q441. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Testicular tumor
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A441. Seminoma
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Q442. - Most Common Cause/Association:; TGF-beta
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A442. Squamous lung; metastasis to bone; RCC; Breast; Multiple myeloma
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Q443. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Thiamine deficiency
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A443. Wet Beri Beri heart. Dilated (congested) cardiomyopathy due to chronic alcohol consumption; Dyr Beri Beri = peripheral neuropathy; Wernicke-Korsakoff = ataxia; confusion; confabulation; memory loss
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Q444. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Thyroid cancer
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A444. Papillary carcinoma
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Q445. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Thyroid disease
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A445. Goiter
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Q446. - Most Common Cause/Association:; TNF-alpha
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A446. Squamous lung; Metastasis to bone; RCC; Breast; Multiple myeloma
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Q447. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Tracheoesophageal fistula
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A447. Lower esophagus joins trache/upper esophagus -blind pouch
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Q448. - Most Common Cause/Association:; TRAP - (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase)
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A448. Hairy B cell Leukemia
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Q449. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Trisomy 13
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A449. Patau’s: small head & eyes; cleft lip & palate; many fingers
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Q450. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Tuberculoid granuloma
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A450. Collection of macrophages w/o caseation; Seen w/ Sarcoidosis (non-caseating); Syphilis; Brucellosis and Leprotic infections
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Q451. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor associated with Hashimoto's Disease; Myasthemia Gravis
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A451. Thymoma
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Q452. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor in cirrhosis
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A452. hepatocellular carcinoma
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Q453. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor in infancy
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A453. Hemangioma
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Q454. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor in Sjogrens syndrome
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A454. B cell lymphoma
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Q455. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor in Tuberous Sclerosis
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A455. Astrocytoma; Cardiac Rhadomyoma
|
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Q456. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor in ulcerative colitis (Crohns)
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A456. colonic adenocarcinoma
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Q457. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor in woman
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A457. Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)
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Q458. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor of adrenal medulla (Adults)
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A458. Pheochromocytoma (benign)
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Q459. - Most Common Cause/Association:; tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)
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A459. Neuroblastoma (malignant)
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Q460. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor of infancy
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A460. Hemangioma
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Q461. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumors in tuberous sclerosis (facial angiofibroma, seizures, MR)
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A461. astrocytoma, cardiac rhabdomyoma
|
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Q462. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Type of Hodgkin's
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A462. Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cullularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
|
|
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Q463. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Type of non-Hodgkin's
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A463. Follicular, small cleaved
|
|
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Q464. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Type of pituitary adenoma
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A464. Prolactinoma
|
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Q465. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Uric acid
|
A465. Leukemia; Lymphomas; Chemotherapy
|
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Q466. - Most Common Cause/Association:; US helminth infection
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A466. Enterobius Vermicularis; Ascaris lumbircoides; (tx both with mebendizole)
|
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Q467. - Most Common Cause/Association:; UTI
|
A467. E. Coli
|
|
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Q468. - Most Common Cause/Association:; UTI (young women)
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A468. E coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus
|
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Q469. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Vasculitis
|
A469. Temporal arteritis (risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of opthalmic artery)
|
|
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Q470. - Most Common Cause/Association:; VHL 3p
|
A470. Von Hippel Lindau, Renal Cell CA
|
|
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Q471. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Vinyl Chloride; Arsenic; Thorotrast
|
A471. Angiosarcoma of the liver
|
|
|
Q472. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Viral encephalitis
|
A472. HSV
|
|
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Q473. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Vitamin deficiency (U.S)
|
A473. Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3 to 4 month supply)
|
|
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Q474. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Worm infection in US
|
A474. 1. Pinworm 2. Ascaris
|
|
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Q475. - Most Common Cause/Association:; WT-1 11p
|
A475. Wilm’s tumor
|
|
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Q476. - Most Common Cause/Association:; Xeroderma Pigmentosum
|
A476. 1) BCC (basal); 2) SCC (squamous); Also Melanoma; Problem in DNA Repair Enzyme, Thymine Dimers
|
|
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Q477. - Most Common Cause/Association: Micronodular pigment cirrhosis; Bronze Diabetes; Skin pigmentation
|
A477. Hemochromatosis Triad; due to Fe3+ deposition
|
