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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) is a rare and severe form of schizophrenia characterized by an onset of psychotic symptoms by age ? years
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12
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Recent imaging studies have provided data to suggest that children with COS have ??
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decreased anterior cingulated gyrus (ACG) volumes with age, unlike controls,
and an absence of the normal decreased left to right ACG volume asymmetry. |
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The frequency of COS is reported to be less than 1 case in ? children,
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10,000
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COS comorbid with?
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attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depressive disorders, and separation anxiety disorder
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COS differences from adult?
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>IQ, memory, perceptuomotor skill deficits
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The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia in children are identical to the criteria for the adult form, except
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that instead of showing deteriorating functioning, children may fail to achieve their expected levels of social and academic functioning.
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COS vs ASD?
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ASD: onset before age 3
COS: almost nil before age 5 |
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The prevalence of schizophrenia among the parents of children with schizophrenia is about ? percent
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8%
(double of adult onset Sz) |
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The etiology of COS has multiple contributing factors, and estimates of its heritability are as high as ? percent.
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80%
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Chromosome linked to COS?
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5
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Recent studies have documented gray matter loss in the brains of children with COS that started in the ? region and proceeded ? to ?
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Recent studies have documented gray matter loss in the brains of children with COS that started in the parietal region and proceeded frontally to dorsolateral prefrontal and temporal cortices, including superior temporal gyri.
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of 12 children with COS at baseline and at follow-up 5 years later were compared with normal controls.
Children with COS showed severe ? frontal gray matter loss over the 5-year period that occurred in a ? pattern across the medial hemispheres. Frontal regions were most affected, whereas ? regions were less vulnerable, which correlates with the brain areas responsible for the cognitive and metabolic dysfunction typically observed in schizophrenia. |
Recent studies have documented gray matter loss in the brains of children with COS that started in the parietal region and proceeded frontally to dorsolateral prefrontal and temporal cortices, including superior temporal gyri. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of 12 children with COS at baseline and at follow-up 5 years later were compared with normal controls.
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Delusions are present in ? of children with schizophrenia
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more than one half
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Delusions (decrease or increase) in frequency with increased age
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increase
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Blunted or inappropriate affects appear in (few, some, most, almost all) children with schizophrenia
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almost all
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Difference between adult Sz and COS speech?
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Unlike adults with schizophrenia, children with schizophrenia do not have poverty of speech content, but they speak less than other children of the same intelligence and are ambiguous in the way they refer to persons, objects, and events.
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COS thought form difficutlies
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Children with schizophrenia also exhibit illogical thinking and speaking and tend to underuse self-initiated repair strategies to aid in their communication. When an utterance is unclear or vague, normal children attempt to clarify their communication with repetitions, revision, and more detail. Children with schizophrenia, on the other hand, fail to aid communication with revision, fillers, or starting over. These deficits may be conceptualized as negative symptoms in childhood schizophrenia.
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The DDX of COS include?
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autistic disorder, bipolar disorders, depressive psychotic disorders, multicomplex developmental syndromes, Asberger's syndrome, drug-induced psychosis, and psychotic states caused by organic disorders
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In a long-term outcome study of patients with schizophrenia with onset before 14 years of age, the worst prognoses occurred in children with schizophrenia that was diagnosed before they were ? years of age and who had ?
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In a long-term outcome study of patients with schizophrenia with onset before 14 years of age, the worst prognoses occurred in children with schizophrenia that was diagnosed before they were 10 years of age and who had preexisting personality disorders.
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