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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Temporal bone constitutes how much of the floor of the middle cranial fossa?
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2/3
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Four parts of the temporal bone
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Squamosa
Petrous Mastoid Tympanic |
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Muscles that attach to the mastoid process? (7)
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SCM
Splenius capitus Longissimus capitus Digastric Anterior, Superior Posterior Auricular |
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Where does the temporalis muscle attach?
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Squamosa of the temporal bone (not mastoid)
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How much of the external auditory canal is cartilage?
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1/3
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How much of the eustachian tube is cartilaginous?
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2/3
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What does the skin over the cartilaginous canal have?
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sebaceous glands, ceruminous glands and hair follicles
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What does the skin over the bony canal have?
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no subcutaneous tissue - except periosteum
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Boundaries of the external auditory canal?
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Anterior - Mandibular fossa, parotid
Posterior - Mastoid Superior - Epitympanic recess (medially), Cranial cavity (laterally) Inferior - Parotid |
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What bones form the bony ear canal?
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Tympanic part - anterior, flor and part of the posterior portion
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Boundaries of the Epitympanum:
Medial Superior Anteior Lateral Inferior Posterior |
Medial - Lateral semicircular canal and VII
Superior - Tegmen Anterior - Zygomatic arch Lateral - Squamosa (scutum) Inferior - Fossa Incudis Posterior - Aditus |
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Boundaries of the tympanic cavity:
Roof, floor, posterior, anterior, medial, lateral |
Roof - tegmen
Floor - Jugular wall and styloid prominence Posterior - Mastoid, stapedius, pyramidal prominence Anterior - Carotid wall, eustachian tube, tensor tympani Medial - Labryinthine Wall Lateral - Tympanic membrane, scutum (laterosuperior) |
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How is the auricle attached to the head?
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-Skin
-extension of cartilage to the external auditory canal cartilage -Ligaments (ant, sup, post) -Muscles (ant, sup, post) |
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What are the 3 ligaments that attach the ear to the head?
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Anterior - zygoma to helix and tragus
Superior - EAC to the spine of the helix Posterior - Mastoid to Concha |
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What is the Notch of Rinivus?
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Notch on the squamosa, medial to which lies Shrapnell's membrane
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What is Meckel's cave?
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concavity on the superior portion of the temporal bone in which the gasserian ganglion is located
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What is Dorello's canal?
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groove between the petrous tip and sphenoid bone - VI travels along this groove
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What is Gradenigo syndrome?
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secondary to petrositis with involvement of VI
-pain behind the eye -diplopia -aural discharge |
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What are the boundaries of the suprameatal triangle? What is it also called?
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Macewen's triangle - posterior and superior to the EAC
Bound at the meatus by the spine of Henle (suprameatal spine). |
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What does the suprameatal triangle approximate?
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This triangle approximates the position of the antrum medially
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What is the thin plate of bone over the antrum?
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Tegmen mastoideum
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What is Trautmann's triangle
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bony labyrinth, sigmoid sinus superior perosal sinus or dura
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What is Citelli's sinodural angle?
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Located between the sigmoid sinus and the middle fosa dura plate. Some consider the superior side of Trautmann's triangle to be Citelli's angle
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What is solid angle?
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Angle formed by the three semicircular canals
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What is the scutum?
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Thin plate of bone that constitutes the lateral wall of the epitympanum. Part of the squamosa.
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What is the boundary of the mandibular fossa
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Zygomatic, squamosa and tympanic bones
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What is Huguier's Canal
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Transmits the chorda tympani out of the temporal bone - lateral to the roof of the protympanum
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What is Huschke's foramen?
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Located on the anterior tympanic plate along a nonossified portion fo the plate. Near the fissures of Santorini
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What is the porus acusticus? How is it divided?
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Porus acusticus is the mouth of the internal auditory canal.
The canal is divided horizontally by the crista falciformis |
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What are the three parts to the inner ear?
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1. Pars superior - vestibular labyrinth (utricle and semicircular canals)
2. Pars inferior: cochlea and saccule 3. Endolymphatic sac and duct |
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Which semicircular canal has a non-ampulated end?
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Horizontal canal has an ampulated and non-ampulated end
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What are the three semicircular canals?
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Posterior, Horizontal and Superior
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What are the four small outpocketings from the perilymph space?
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1. Along the endolymphatic duct
2. Fissula ante fenestram 3. Fossula post fenestram 4. Periotic duct |
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What are the four openings into the temporal bone?
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1. IAC
2. Vestibular aqueduct 3. Cochlear aqueduct 4. Subarcuate fossa |
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What is the ponticulum?
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Ridge of bone between the oval window niche and the sinus tympani
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What is the subiculum?
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Ridge of bone between the round window niche and the sinus tympani
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What is Korner's septum?
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Separates the squamosa from the petrous air cells
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What % of the population has a pneumatized portion of the temporal bone?
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1/3
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What is the scala communis?
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Where the scala tympani joins the scala vestibuli
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What is the helicotrema?
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Apex of the cochlea where the scala tympani joins the scala vestibuli
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What is the strongest bone in the body?
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Petrous pyramid
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What is the upper limit of the internal auditory canal diameter?
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8 mm
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What is the cochlear aqueduct?
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Bony channel connecting the scala tympani of the basal turn with the subarachnoid space of the posterior cranial cavity
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What is the average adult cochlear aqueduct length?
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6.2mm
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What three cranial nerves are part of the tympanic plexus?
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V3, IX, and X
V3 - Auriculotemporal nerve IX - Jacobson's nerve X - Auricular nerve |
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What is the blood supply to the outer ear?
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Posterior auricular artery
Superficial temporal artery |
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What is the External carotid contribution to the blood supply of the middle ear?
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External carotid contribution:
Anterior tympanic branch (from I-max) Superior tympanic branch and superficial petrosal branch (from middle meningeal) |
