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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how many articulating vertebrae is there?
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24 (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar)
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how many fused vertebrae?
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9 (sacrum-5; coccyx-4)
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how many normal curves does the spine have?
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3
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what is hunchback?
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kyphosis
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an inward curvature of the spinal column
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lordosis
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which vertebrae has costal facets?
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thoracic
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all ribs are attached to what?
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T1-T12
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what joint is formed by the occipital condyles of skull sitting on the articular fossa of first vertebra
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atlanto-occipital
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C1 & C2 form what joint?
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atlantoaxial joint.
atlas & axis |
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what kind of joint is the atlantoaxial joint?
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trochoid (pivot)
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what kind of joints are vertebral joints?
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arthrodial/gliding
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the intervertebral disk is made up of what on the outside & inside?
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anulus fibrosus (outside)
nucleus pulposus (inside) |
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what is a herniated or slipped disk?
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as the annulus fibrosus weakens, the nucleus pulposus will protrude through it. puts pressure on nerves
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what is 45 degrees ROM: lumbar flexion or cervical flexion
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cervical
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which has a higher degree of ROM for rotation: lumbar or cervical?
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cervical
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what are the main muscles in atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial flexion?
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longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, sternocleidomastoid
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what are the muscles that extend the atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial joints?
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semispinalis capitis, splenus capitis, rectus capitis posterior, obliquus capitis, longissimus capitis, trapezius (upper fibers), sternocleidomastoid(posterior fibers)
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what are the muscles for rotation of head?
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sternocleidomastoid, obliquus capitis inferior, obliqqus capitis superior, rectus capitis lateralis, longissimus capitis, splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis, trapezius
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what muscles cause cervical flexion?
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sternocleidomastoid, longus colli, longus capitis
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what muscles extends the cervical vertebrae?
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splenius, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus capitis, longissimus cervices, trapezius, interspinales
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what muscles aid in cervical rotation?
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sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, splenius, longissimus capitis, longissimus cervices, iliocostalis cervicis, multifidus, levator scapulae, longus colli, intertransversarii
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what muscles aid in lumbar flexion?
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rectus abdominis & obliques
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what muscles do lumbar extension?
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erector spinae, quadratus lumborum, trapezius (lower)
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muscles in lumbar rotation?
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obliques, psoas major, quadratus lumborum, multifidus, iliocastalis lumborum, iliocastalis thoracis, rotatores, intertransversarii
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narrrowing of the spinal column
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stenosis
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