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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reflexes
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Involuntary behaviors elicited by various types of external stimuli
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Why do we examine reflexes?
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Reflect state of maturing nervous system
Detecting problems with CNS development Serves as foundation for basic, movement muscle tone |
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Primitive Reflexes
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Used for protection, nutrition, or survival
Appear during gestation or at birth and suppressed by 6months |
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Postural Reflexes
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Provide automatic movement that is practice for future voluntary movement
Disappear when voluntary behavior surfaces |
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Lifespan Reflexes
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all reflexes that endure throughout the lifespan in normal healthy individuals
protective mechanism for our body |
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Stereotypies
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movements not caused by external stimuli
patterned, intrinsic, involuntary movements of the body |
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Role of Stereotypies
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Maturation of neurological system
Spontaneous movements Crying - energy expenditure Plays larger role in muscle tone |
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Voluntary Movements: Stability
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neck control
trunk control Sitting Up Cephalocaudal |
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Voluntary Movements: Locomotion
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Crawling
Creeping Upright Walking Cephalocaudal-differentiation-integration |
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Creeping
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Controlateral: opposite arm and leg
Homolateral: Same arm and leg |
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Characteristics of early walking
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wide stance
toes pointing out knee flexed inconsistent in step length flat footedness high arm guard |
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Voluntary Movements: Manipulation
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Reaching
Grasping Releasing Proximodistal, differentiation |
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Phase One
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simulatneous reaching and grasping
one handed reaching visual initiation of the reach visual control |
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Phase two
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2 handed reaching
visual initiation and guidance of the reach tactile control when grasping |
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Fine Motor Development
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Small muscle movements
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Simple Synergies
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all hand movements in which the action of all the digits is the same
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Reciprocal Synergies
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Combination of movements involving the thumb and other involved digits - rolling a pencil
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Sequential Synergies
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There is an ultimate goal
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Prehension
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applies specifically to the act of grasping
Critical hand movement for the later movement development |
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Prehension: Halverson
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Info-processing
-Object is visually located -Object is approached -Object is grasped -Object is released |
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Prehension: Newell
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Dynamical systems
Object size Texture relative to hand size |
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Haptic Perception
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ability to acquire information about objects without vision
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Exploratory procedures
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Static
Enclosure unsupported holding contour following lateral motion pressure |
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Universal sequential patterns writing
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Supinate grasp
pronate grasp dynamic tripod |
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Developmental order of drawing
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Scribbling- accident
Combine - combination of diagrams spirals Aggregate stage- more complex Pictorial Stage- distinguish what child is drawing |
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Impact of aging on fine motor movements
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plateaus earlier in life and regress due to neurological decline
window of optimal performance lasts longer that other movements proximodistal reverse |
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Exceptions of aging on fine motor movements
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physically fit and or healthy adults maintain their speed and movement
Practice inhibits the slowing process process of becoming slower is well-established |
