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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is easier for plants to get on land?
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light and gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
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What is the most serious problem that land plants had and how did they fix it?
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lack of water, fixed it by developing vascular tissues like xylem and phloem in roots, stems, and leaves to transport water
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How did the development of a waxy cuticle help plants?
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prevented drying out, temperature variation, and uv light from going through thin leaves
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How was the problem of gas exchange through a waxy cuticle fixed on land?
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The development of guard cells with stomata. When plant are full of water guard cells are hard and they separate, allowing extra water to evaporate and gases to diffuse in. At night, cells are loose and closed with no stomata, and water is therefore conserved.
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What were the first land plants?
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D. Bryophyta - mosses
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Which division has no vascular tissue?
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D. Bryophyta
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Where do mosses grow?
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moist environments
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Do mosses have seeds?
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no
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What do mosses have to anchor themselves to the ground?
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root-like rhizoids
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Mosses are capable of alternation of generations between what two life stages?
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gametophyte (n)
sporophyte (2n) |
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What is a vascular plant?
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plant with vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
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What life stage is dominant in vascular plants?
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sporophyte stage
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What seedless plant is used to make Christmas wreaths?
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club mosses in D. Lycophyta
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Plants in what division have a silica coat?
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D. Sphenophyta
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In ferns, the horizontal stems are known as what?
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rhizomes
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Do ferns have seeds?
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no
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Where are sporophylls in conifers?
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in cones
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How do female prothalli attract male prothalli in ferns?
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by emitting chemicals
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What does the seed in conifers contain?
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embryo
source of nutrients seed coat |
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What is a cycad?
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sawed off looking palm tree with cones
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What is a Ginkgo?
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phylum with only 1 species and separate male and female plants
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What is a Gnetophyte?
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a desert shrub with flagellated sperm
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What are Coniferophyta?
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the dominant species of conifers that can grow in cold climates, poor soil, and acidic soil
- it has both sexes in 1 tree - sperm is not flagellated |
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What produce the woody tissue?
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xylem (water) and phloem (nutrients)
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What is vascular cambium?
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type of tissue to produce next year's vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
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What kind of plants have vascular cambium?
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trees and some shrubs
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In conifers, what is the male gametophyte?
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4-celled pollen grain
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In conifers, what does the male gametophyte become?
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2 wings, 1 sperm, 1 pollen tube
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In conifers, what is the female gametophyte?
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several archegonia with eggs
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In conifers, where are the male microspores produced?
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in microsporangia
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