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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Two groups of Monera
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Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
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Characteristics of Monera
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Prokariotic-with NO membrane bound organelles
Unicellular Single Chromosome Most reproduce by Binary Fission (asexual) Great metabolic diversity |
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Archaebacteria
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Earth's most extreme loving prokaryotic micro-organism
Have special lipid structures allowing cells to survive extreme hot or cold Thought to be one of life's first organisms |
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Methanogens
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Methane-producing
Live in Oxygen free environments (swamps, marshes) Use chemicals as energy Produce methane as waster |
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Halophiles
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Salt loving
Live in salt pools (up to 15% seawater only 3.5) |
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Thermacidophiles
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Heat and acid loving
Exremely hot and acidic environments (ex. Hot springs, volcanoes, temp +80 degrees C) |
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Eubacteria
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largest number of organisms on the planet
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Eubacteria- classification- by shape:
Cocci |
Round
Resist drying (chocolate cookie) |
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Eubacteria- classification- by shape:
Bacilli |
Rod shaped
large surface area for absorbing nutrients (twinkie) |
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Eubacteria- classification- by shape:
Spirilli |
Spiral shape
move through fluids with less resistance (DNA shape) |
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Eubacteria: Growth Patterns: Coccus
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Arranged singularly
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Eubacteria: Growth Patterns: Diplo (diplococci)
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Arranged in pairs
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Eubacteria: Growth Patterns: Strepto (Streptococci)
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Arrainged in a chain
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Eubacteria: Growth Patterns: Staphylo (staphylococci)
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Arranged in clusters
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Cell wall Structure: Gram Positive
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-very thick protien layer on cell wall
-# of membranes: 1 -Color of stain: Purple -Flagella (if present): 2 support rings |
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Cell wall structure:Gram Negative
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-thin protein layer on cell wall
-# of membranes: 2 (inner and outer) -Color of stain: pink -Fagella (if present): 4 support rings |
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Resperation: Obligate Aerobes
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Need oxygen
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Resperation: Obligate Anaerobes
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NO oxygen
-use fermentation to convert sugar into alcohol and CO2 -some also produce lactic acid, acetic acid and methane |
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Resperation: Facultative Anaerobes
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Can survive and grow with or without Oxygen
-use fermentation to convert sugar into alcohol and CO2 -some also produce lactic acid, acetic acid and methane |
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Nutrition:
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-How bacteria get their energy
-Most heterotrophic (get food from other organisms) -Parasites- diease causing bacteria that get their food from living organisms -Saprophytes-food from dead and decomposing organic matter -Some are autotrophic (make their own foo) by: -Photosynthesis: Converts CO2 and water into sugar using the sun's energy -Chemosynthesis: use energy from chemicals to make energy (deep sea vent bacteria) |
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Reproduction
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Some produce asexually (binary fission)
Some produce sexually (Conjugation, Plasmids) Endospore |
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Reproduction: Binary Fission
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-"split in two"
-copy DNA, elongate, septum and cell wall form, cells sperate into two identical cells |
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Reproduction: Conjungation
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-cells link and form a bridge
-one bacterium transfers part or all of chromo to other, then undergoes binary fission |
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Reproduction: Plasmids
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-small loops of DNA seperate and transfer from one cell to other
-used in gen engineering (recombinant DNA) |
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Reproduction: Endospore
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Spore formation:
-allows bacteria to survive unfavourable conditions -spore is dormant stage, when conditions improve, bacteria loses endospore coat and begin to devide normally |
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Bacteria and diseases
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Bacteria can cause many human diseases: ex:
-Tuberculosis, tetanus, cholera, Bubonic plague, Rocky Mountain, Spotted Fever, Lyme Dieses, Leprocy, ect. |
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STI's: Sexually Transmitted Infections
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-many of these are caused by moneran's
-transmitted mostly by sex Ex: -Gonorrhea-coccus bacteria, can cause sterility and be transmitted by mother to baby at birth through eyes, antibiotics can cure, but rapidly developing resistance -Syphillis, spirochete, 3 stage infection : sore rash on body weeks/months later tumours, insanity, death, antibiotics can cure if treated at 1st or 2nd stage -Chlamydia - NGU(Non Gonococcol Urethritis) most common STD in North America |
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Body Defences against bacteria:
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-skin - sweat, mucus membranes help kill bacteria
-antibodies - proteins made by body deactivate bacteria -phagocytes - engulf bacteria -antitoxins - chemicals made by the body to deactivate bacterial toxins -fever - boosts immune system and slows growth of bacteria |