King Reviewer 2

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All bind to opioid receptors

Back 1

Opiods

Front 2

Increases Dopamine Activity in the brain

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Amphetamine

Front 3

reverses benzodiazepine effect in the CNS

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Flumazenil (Mazicon®)

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competitive opioid antagonist but may precipitate withdrawal symptoms in an addict patient

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Naltrexone and nalmafen

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used in induction of anesthesia & for seizures

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Barbiturates

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Mickey Finn®

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Chloral hydrate ,”Knock-out drops”

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are substances that alter sensory processing in the brain, causing depersonalization, perceptual disturbances, & changes in thought processing

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Hallucinogens

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active ingredient in fresh leaves of Khat

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Cathinone

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active ingredient when cathinoneis degraded as the leaves age, which explains why dried Khat is neither popular nor widely distributed.

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Cathine

Front 10

methyl derivatives of cathinone  chemicall synthesized from Ephedrine  aka “Ephedrone”  Street names: “Cat”, “Jeff”

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Methcathinone

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aka “Angel Dust”, snort, super grass  similar to a dissociativeanesthetic, Ketamine

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Phencyclidine (PCP) poisoning

Front 12

a short acting hallucinogen found in the seeds of Piptadenia peregrine.

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Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)

Front 13

 used a antiemetic for patient undergoing chemotherapy

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Marijuana

Front 14

MOA: Increase Dopamine activity

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Cocaine

Front 15

Enzyme Inducer. active ingredient of tobacco for the addictive effect

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Nicotine

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abused by athletes before

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Strychnine

Front 17

reduce the craving of heroin

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Methadone

Front 18

blocks the effect of heroin

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Naltrexone

Front 19

synthetic opioid, block the effect of heroin for up to 72 hours w/ minimal side effects when taken orally.

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Levo--acetyl methodol (LAAM

Front 20

also used as a treatment of heroin addiction since it does not produce the same level of physical dependence as other opioids.

Back 20

Buprenone

Front 21

MOA: Depletion of Glutathione causing Hepatic necrosis due to its toxic metabolite, NAPQI,

Treatment: N-Acetylcystein

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Paracetamol / Acetaminophen

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minimum serum Acetaminohen level (indicate a high risk for liver injury)

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*Above 150-200 mg/L

Front 23

MOA: Inhibition of Vitmain K-related clotting factors (II, VII, IX) Principal Manifestation: Bleeding Treatment: Vitamin K

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Warfarin

Front 24

Treatment: Protamine Sulfate (acts as the base to neutralize heparin activity)

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Heparin

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DOC for Anaphylactic shock)

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Epinephrine

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(DOC for Malignant hyperthermia)

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Dantrolene

Front 27

DOC for mania & bipolar disorder

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Lithium

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DOC for Anticholinergic signs & symptom

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Physostigmine

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Hepatotoxin

 Treatment: Thioctic Acid, Dextrose, Penicillin (Interference w/ albumin binding), Vitamin K, Dexamethasone

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Amanitotoxins,Cyclopeptides

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Nephrotoxins  Treatment: Charcoal Hemoperfussion

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Orellanine

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Hallucinogens, Anticholinergic signs & symptoms

Treatment : Physostigmine

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Muscimol,Ibotenic Acid

Muscimol,Ibotenic Acid

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 Hepatotoxin  .Hydrolyzes to form monomethylhydrazine used asrocket fuel.Produced by a poisonous mushroom, Gyrometra esculenta

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Gyrometrin

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Parasympathetic Overstimulation  Treatment: Atropine

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Muscarine

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Disulfiram Reactions  Treatment: IV NSS

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Coprine

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Produces cholinergic signs & symptoms, flushed sweating face contorted in a painful grimace w/ conjunctivitis, restlessness & HPN

 Treatment: Calcium Gluconate, Antivenom

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Latrotoxin/black widow spider

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Neurutoxin  Treatment: Barbiturate & IV antivenom

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5-Hydroxytryptamine/scorpion

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Red Ants (Formic Acid)  Anaphylactic Shock  Treatment: Diphenhydramine & Steroids

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Bee venom

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First Aid: Suction & tourniquet, incision (w/in 20 minutes to remove 20%)  Treatment: Antivenom

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Hyaluronidase/snake

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Treatment: Barbiturates, DiazepamConvulsion), CaGluconate, Propanol

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Tetrodotoxin/buffer fishes

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Local irritants, Aphrodisia

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Catharidin/Blister fly

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harp metallic taste, Abdominal pain, vomiting & Diarrhea

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Clupeotoxin

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Confused w/ MSG reactions  May be caused by dolphins (non-scromboid

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Scromboid toxin

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Most common poison from ingested fish

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Ciguatoxin