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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were different forms of imperialism? |
- Colonization - Influence zones (a spatial region or concept division over which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military, or political exclusivity) - Softer domination (the ability to shape the preferences of others through appeal and attraction) |
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How did Southeast Asia trade in the 15th century? |
Maritime roads |
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How did Southeast Asia trade in the 16th century? |
International trade and commercial harbours |
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How did Southeast Asia trade in the 17th century? |
commercial harbours and trade companies |
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Who was King Chulalongkorn? |
Son of King Mongkut, who was a ruler who was for progress. He had both a traditional education and European tutors, and both he and his father were made famous with his tutor Anna Leonowens' writings. |
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How old was King Chulalongkorn when his father died? |
15 years old |
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While King Chulalongkorn was too young to rule, who did in place of him? |
Sri Suriyawongse, former Prime Minister, led the Regency Council until King Chulalongkorn's majority |
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What did King Chulalongkorn learn from his travels? |
- Singapore and Java: Technology, science, justice, military and civil advancements - England and India: Political and administrative system of English colony |
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What were some of the revolutionary reforms King Chulalongkorn made? |
- Modification of ceremonies and the Protocol of the Court - Abrogation of the practice of prosternation (that thing when they bowed to the floor) |
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While he traveled, who did he appoint to rule the land? |
His wife, Somdech PrapanpeeluangPraongchao Saowapa Pongsee |
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What was Thailand/Siam's relationship with France and Britain? |
France and Britain were very predatory; they were interested in Thailand, and the country was a buffer for both French Indochina and the British empire. |
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How did King Chulalongkorn resolve that? |
He made a treaty. With the British, it was more economical, while with France, it was more territorial. |
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For the record, who moved first? |
France |
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What did Thailand give up in the treaty? |
- Territory (Laos, Battambong, Siemrap, Srisop’on) (and also Mekong River) - Must retain relations with both countries - Both countries (Britain and France) not allowed to send troops |
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What did King Chulalongkorn's travels contribute? |
- Better diplomatic relationships - Thailand became more widely known - Organization of water supply, sanitation, and government - Improved education and defense |
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What was some modern technology they got? |
- Railways
- European-based architecture - Modern telegraph/telephone
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How did the cultural and technological 'upgrades' help them? |
It kept Europeans from invading them, while also keeping Thailand on par with the rest of the world. |
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In 1800, what were the only two societies in Asia under effective colonial rule? |
Dutch East Indies and Spanish Philippines |
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What did the Dutch offer to the Britain to make them give up their claim to the East Indies? |
A free hand in the Malay Peninsula |
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Who founded Japan and when? |
British colonial officer Stanford Raffles in 1819 |
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For what did Singapore become a major stopping point for traffic? |
China |
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How did the French compel the Vietnamese to accept French 'protection'? |
A naval attack that wasn't a total success, but it was enough to eventually force the Nguyen dynasty to cede territories in the Mekong River delta. |
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What led to the French Indochinese Union? |
French seizure of neighboring Cambodiaand Laos (along with the territories in the Mekong River delta) |
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When did the French and British agree to preserve Thailand as an independent buffer? |
1896 |
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What was the final piece in the colonial edifice in SoutheastAsia? |
In 1898, when U.S. naval forcesunder Commodore George Dewey defeated the Spanishfleet in Manila Bay |
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Who was the one who determined the fate of the Philippines in the US? |
President William McKinley |
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What did President William McKinley decide was the most 'ethical' route? |
Ultimately decidedthat the moral thing to do was to turn the islands into anAmerican colony to prevent them from falling into thehands of the Japanese. In fact, the Americans (like theSpanish before them) found the islands convenient as ajumping-off point for the China trade. It was for both 'moral' idealism and profit. :/ |
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Who fought bitterly for independence of the US and Spain? |
Under the leadership of EmilioAguinaldo, guerrilla forces. |
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When did the bulk of Filipino resistance collapse? |
1901 |
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Who did the colonial powers usually leave in charge? |
Wherever possible, local elites, to facilitate the exploitation of natural resources.Indirect rule reduced the cost of training European administratorsand had a less corrosive impact on the localculture. |
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When was indirect rule impossible? |
In instances when local resistance to the colonial conquestmade such a policy impossible. For example, Burma. |
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What were the first legislative councils and assemblieswere composed of?
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Almost exclusively of Europeanresidents in the colony, with the first representatives from theindigenous population were wealthy and conservative intheir political views |
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How did colonial officials discover that educating natives could backfire? |
Often there were few jobs for highly trainedlawyers, engineers, and architects in colonial societies,leading to the threat of an indigestible mass of unemployedintellectuals who would take out their frustrationson the colonial regime. Educational opportunities for thecommon people were even harder to come by. Not ‘‘one coolie less, but one rebel more.’’ |
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What did colonial policy concentrate on? |
The export of raw materials---teakwoodfrom Burma; rubber and tin from Malaya; spices, tea andcoffee, and palm oil from the East Indies; and sugar andcopra (coconut meat) from the Philippines. |
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Who owned most large industrial and commercial establishments? |
Europeans or, in some cases, byIndian or Chinese merchants |
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What businesses did people other than the middle class control? |
The natives weremore apt to work in a family business, in factory or assemblyplants, or as peddlers, day laborers, or rickshawpullers---in other words, at less profitable and less capital intensivebusinesses. |
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What did the vast majority of people in thecolonial societies do for a living? |
They continued to farm land.Manycontinued to live by subsistence agriculture, but the colonialpolicy of emphasizing cash crops for export also ledto the creation of a form of plantation agriculture inwhich peasants were recruited to work as wage laborerson rubber and tea plantations owned by Europeans. |
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What did plantation owners do maintain a competitive edge? |
They kept the wages of their workers at a poverty level |
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What did it mean to be ‘‘shanghaied"? |
The English termoriginated from the practice of recruiting laborers, oftenfrom the docks and streets of Shanghai, by unscrupulousmeans such as the use of force, alcohol, or drugs |
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What benefits did colonial rule bring to Southeast Asia? |
- Beginnings of infrastructure - a ‘‘modernizing elite’’ dedicated to the creation of anadvanced industrialized society - development of export market (created anentrepreneurial class in rural area) |
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What caused the high growth of population? |
Peasants in Asia hadalways had large families on the assumption that a highproportion of their children would die in infancy. Butimproved sanitation and medical treatment resulted inlower rates of infant mortality and a staggering increasein population. |
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What happened as a result of the growing population? |
Under these conditions, the rural areas could nolonger support the growing populations, and manyyoung people fled to the cities to seek jobs in factories orshops. The migratory pattern gave rise to squatter settlementsin the suburbs of the major cities. |
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When did the Dutch arrive in Indonesia? |
Early seventeenth century |
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Did the Dutch arriving in Indonesia in the early seventeenth century mean that they ruled it as a colony for 300 years? |
Nope. Large areas of Indonesia didn't fall under the Dutch until the 19th century or even later. |
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What four Malay states did Thailand lose to the British? |
Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan, and Trengganu |
