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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nonionized forms are ____ to a cell membrane.
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permeable
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ionized = polar= ____?
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water soluble
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water-soluble are _____ to a cell membrane.
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not permeable
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Most drugs are absorbed by ____.
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Passive diffusion
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Bases in the stomach will be in what form? Is this soluble?
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BH+, no
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In what part of the GI tract will bases be most readily absorbed?
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the Duodenum and ileum
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The rate of absorption is related to the _______ of the drug?
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oil-water partition coeffeicient
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The ____ the ratio of the oil-water partition coefficent, the more lipid soluble the drug is.
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higher
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higher ratio = ______ absorption.
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faster
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The _____ is the amount of the drug that is absorbed and used in its pharmocological effect.
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bioavailability.
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Food will _____ gastric emptying of the stomach.
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delay
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The ____ is the main organ for metabolism.
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liver
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bioavailability is represented as the ___ under the __________ curve.
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area, concentration/time
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Distribution depends on the _______ of various organs.
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Blood flow
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Only ____ drugs get out of circulation.
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Free
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bound drugs are _____ in the circulation.
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Trapped
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Does passage out of the capillaries have anything to do with whether the drug is charged or not?
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no! Drugs go around the endothelial cells!! very leaky
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_____ is a protein in the blood that has the greatest amount of binding interactions.
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Albumin
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_____ is responsible for binding basic drugs in the plasms.
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alpha-1-acid glycoprotein
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Basic drugs are ____.
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positive
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Acidic drugs are _____.
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negative
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positive sites on albumin are attracted to _____ charges.
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negative (and vice versa)
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cytochrome p450 will _____ drugs and inactivated them.
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oxidize
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Can a neonate handle large amounts of bilirubin?
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no! it is very dangerous and may cause Kernicterus
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The retinal barrier is just like the ____?
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BBB
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In the BBB, how do drugs get to the other side?
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They must go through the cells(b/c of the tight jxns b/t the cells)
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Only ____ soluble drugs go through the membrane.
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lipid
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Water-soluble drugs can go through the barrier if a ____ is present.
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transporter
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Atropine is a _______ agent.
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antimuscarninic
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Is Atropine a teriary or a quanartary amine?
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Teriary
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Can the B form of atropine cross the BBB?
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yes
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atropine drops in kids are ____ if given in high doses.
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toxic
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atropine can be converted to _______ which is a quaternary ammonium salt.
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atropine methylsulfate
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_____ is an analog of atropine given to treat asthma.
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Ipatropium
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All barbituates are _____.
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weak acids
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_____ is a good choice for initiating anesthesia, but not for treating it.
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Thiopental
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___ is a good choice ofor maintaining anesthesia, but not for starting it.
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pentobarbital
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Metabolism is the process leading to ____ of the drug.
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excretion
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the more ____ the more excretable.
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water-soluble
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Only a ___ drug can be filtered.
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free
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T of F: a filtered drug can be charged or uncharged--it doesnt matter.
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True
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A drug that is uncharged, and lipid soluble can be passively ___.
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reabsorbed
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charged drugs are ____.
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excreted
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___ _____ is the most efficient way the body has of ridding itself of a drug.
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active secretion
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Name 2 transporters for anions.
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1- Salicylate
2-Penicillin |
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Name 2 transporters for cations.
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1- Morphine
2- Ranitidine |
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For a weak acid, you want to _____ the urine.
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alkalinize
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______ is the 2nd most effective way a drug can be eliminated from the body.
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enterohepatic shunt (2nd only to renal excretion)
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