Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Which of the following joint movements is defined as taking place in the frontal plane when starting in anatomical position?
*flexion *medial rotation *supination *abduction |
Abduction
|
|
|
|
Which of the following joint movements is defined as moving around a medial-lateral axis?
*lateral flexion *adduction *flexion *lateral rotation |
Flexion
|
|
|
|
Rotation is defined as moving around this axis:
*transvers *vertical *anterior-posterior *medial-lateral |
Vertical or Superior/Inferior
|
|
|
|
Which of the following joints is bi-axial?
*elbow *wrist (radio-carpal articulation) *hip *facet joints (between vertebrae) |
Wrist (radio-carpal articulation)
|
|
|
|
Which of the following joints is an example of a saddle joint?
*1st carpometacarpal joint of the thumb *atlantoaxial joint (C1/C2) *knee *TMJ |
1st carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
|
|
|
|
Which of the following movements is "non-axial" (gliding)?
*plantarflexion *pronation *elevation *medial rotation |
Elevation (of the scapula)
|
|
|
|
Which axis is associated with movements in the frontal plane?
|
Anterior-Posterior
|
|
|
|
Which plane is associated with movements around a superior-inferior (vertical axis)?
|
Transverse
|
|
|
|
Which axis is associated with the saggital plane movement of plantarflexion?
|
Medial-Lateral
|
|
|
|
Name a pivot joint
|
Atlantoaxial joint
Proximal radioulnar joint |
|
|
|
Name a ball & socket joint
|
Glenohumeral Joint
Hip Joint |
|
|
|
Name a gliding or non-axial joint
|
Costalscapular joint
Costovertebral joint Costotransverse Facets joints Intercarpal joints Intertarsal joints |
|
|
|
Joints are subdivided into 2 categories:
|
Joints that DO have a joint cavity
Joints that DO NOT have a joint cavity |
|
|
|
Give an example of a joint WITH a joint cavity
|
Knee
Elbow |
|
|
|
Give an example of a joint WITHOUT a joint cavity
|
Skull suture joints
|
|
|
|
Describe Medial-Lateral axis
|
In frontal plane & runs horizontally
|
|
|
|
Describe Anterior-Posterior axis
|
In saggital plane & runs horizontally
|
|
|
|
Describe Superior-Inferior axis
|
Vertical line
|
|
|
|
Describe Oblique axis
|
Axis for oblique plane
|
|
|
|
Describe a uniaxial joint
|
Joint with movement around 1 axis
|
|
|
|
Describe a biaxial joint
|
Joint with movement around 2 axes
|
|
|
|
Describe a triaxial joint
|
Movement around 3 axes
|
|
|
|
Describe an irregular joint
|
Non axial movement, sliding or gliding
|
|
|
|
Give an example of a Hinge Joint
|
Interphalangeal Joints
|
|
|
|
Give an example of a Pivot Joint
|
Atlantoaxial Joint (C1/C2)
|
|
|
|
Give an example of a Condyloid Joint
|
radiocarpal
|
|
|
|
Give an example of a Saddle Joint
|
1st Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
|
|
|
|
Give an example of a Ball & Socket Joint
|
Hip
Shoulder |
|
|
|
Describe non-axial movements
|
Sliding/gliding - do not rotate around an axis
|
|
|
|
Describe axial movements
|
Movement is circular, rotating around an axis
|
|
|
|
What is the function of joints?
|
To allow movement
|
|
|
|
What are 3 characteristics of joints?
|
Stability
Weight Bearing Shock Absorbsion |
|
|
|
Describe the Sliding Filament Theory
|
NS sends impulse
Calcium ions released from fiber Calcium ions bond to actin filaments Myosin filaments form cross bridges @ actin active sites Cross bridges "ratchet" to slide actin filaments along myosin filaments Myofybril shortens, resulting in muscle contraction |
|
|
|
You contract your left gluteus maximus and the only action that results is extension of the thigh @ the hip joint. Name a possible neutralizer & explain
|
Gluteus Maximus also does Lateral Rotation of thigh @ hip.
A Medial Rotator of hip @ thigh will neutralize the lateral rotation. *Gluteus Medius *Gluteus Minimus *Tensor Fasca Latae (TFL) |
|
|
|
Your right iliopsoas muscles contract and the only action that results is flexion of the thigh & the hip. Name a possible fixator & explain
|
PSOAS major also performs flexion of trunk @ spinal joints. Muscles that perform extension of the trunk @ spinal joints will stop the flexion of trunk @ spinal joints.
*erector spinae group *transverso spinalis group |
|
|
|
Your right upper trapezius contracts & the only action that results is elevation of the right scapula. Name a possible fixator muscle & explain
|
Upper trap also performs R lateral flexion of head & neck @ spinal joints. A muscle that performs L lateral flexion of the head & neck @ spinal joints will stop the R Lateral rotation.
*Left upper trapezius |
|
|
|
You contract your left pectoralis major muscle & the only action that results is adduction of the humerus @ the shoulder joint. Name a possible neutralizer & explain
|
Pec major also performs flexion of the arm @ shoulder. Muscles that perform extension of the arm @ shoulder will neutralize the flexion of the arm @ shoulder.
*Teres Major *Deltoid - posterior |
|
|
|
Describe Movers/Agonists
|
The muscles responsible for creating the movement in question. The most powerful is also called the "Prime Mover"
|
|
|
|
Describe Antagonists
|
The muscles that are capable of performing the opposite movement from the movement in question. found on the opposite side of the joint in question. RELAX when movers CONTRACT
|
|
|
|
Describe Neutralizers
|
Muscles that stop unwanted movements of the movers @ the joint in question. Neutralize unwanted movements @ the MOVING attachment. Cross same joint @ mover & antagonist
|
|
|
|
Describe Fixators
|
Muscles that prevent unwanted movements @ the non moving attachments. Fix one end of the mover in place so the other end can move in isolation. DO NOT cross joint in question
|
|
|
|
Describe Support/Stabilizers
|
Muscles that help steady an entire part or segment of the body so the desired movement can be carried out in a controlled manner. Steady the body, usually against gravity. Can be FAR away from the action in question.
|
|
|
|
Movers create movement____
|
Concentrically
|
|
|
|
Fixators stop movement ____
|
Isometrically
|
|
|
|
The concept that muscles work together, in many roles to create movement
|
Coordination
|
|
|
|
Longer, superficial muscles tend to act as __________
|
Movers
Dominated by white fibers |
|
|
|
Shorter, deeper muscles tend to act as ______________
|
Postural Stabilizers
Dominated by red fibers |
|
|
|
Superficial movement muscles are often called ____________
|
Phasic Muscles
|
|
|
|
Deeper postural stablizing muscles are often called ____
|
Tonic Muscles
|
|
|
|
Name 2 types of muscle fibers, by architecture
|
Longitudinal
Pennate (feather) |
|
|
|
Longitudinal muscles are better suited for _________
|
Larger range of motion
|
|
|
|
Pennate muscle fibers are better suited for _____________
|
greater strength over a shorter range of motion
|
|
|
|
Describe Internal Forces
|
Forces generated inside the body.
Created by muscles |
|
|
|
Describe External Forces
|
Forces generated outside the body.
Gravity Wind Weights Springs/Pulleys of exercise machines |
|
|
|
GH Joint
|
Triaxial Ball & Socket
Loose joint capsule Most mobile, lease stable in body Stability provided by rotator cuff muscles |
|
|
|
Stability of GH joint comes from_______
|
Supraspinitis
Infraspinnitis Teres Minor Subscapularis |
|
|
|
The shoulder girdle is comprised of ______________
|
Two clavicles
Two scapulae Relatively free floating, only skeletal attachments to axial body are 2 SC joints |
|
|
|
Describe Scapulocostal Joint
|
Functional Joint
Non axial movements Elevation/Depression Protraction/Retraction Upward/Downward Rotation Medial/Lateral Tilt Upward/Downward Tilt |
|
|
|
Describe Sternoclavicular (SC) Jont
|
Synovial Joint
Clavicle moves relative to sternum Clavicle moves w/ scapula movement Articular disc located w/in joint cavity Protraction/Retraction of cl Elevation/Depression of cl Upward/Downward Rotatation of cl |
|
|
|
Describe Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint
|
Synovial joint
Allows scapula to move slightly relative to clavicle Separated shoulder - pull scapula & clavicle apart |
|
|
|
Movements of Shoulder Girdle - Scapula
|
Scapula
Elevation/Depression Protraction/Retraction Upward/Downward Rotation Upward/Downward Tilt Medial/Lateral Tilt |
|
|
|
Movements of Shoulder Girdle - Clavicle
|
Elevation/Depression
Protraction/Retraction Upward/Downward Rotation |
|
|
|
Shoulder Girdle - Misc.
|
Arm can move @ GH joint independent of shoulder girdle to some degree
Beyond that, shoulder girdle must move w/arem Scapula & Clavicle usually move in conjuction with each other |
|
|
|
Scapular-humeral rhythm
|
Scapula must move to allow arm/humerus to move fully thru range of motion
Ratio is 2:1 Humerus:Scapula |
|
|
|
If Arm/Shoulder move
Up Down Forward Backward |
Then scapula
Upward rotation Downward Rotation Protraction Retraction |
|
|
|
GH Joint Flexors - Anterior
|
Pectoralis Major (clavicular head)
Anterior Deltoid Biceps Brachii (short head) Coracobrachialis |
|
|
|
GH Joint Extensors - Posterior
|
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major Posterior Deltoid Lesser: Triceps Brachii (long head) Pectoralis Major (sternocostal head) |
|
|
|
GH Joint Abductors
|
Supraspinatis
Deltoid Lesser: Biceps Brachii (long head) Pectoralis Major (clavicular head) |
|
|
|
GH Join Adductors
|
Latissimus Dorsi
Pectoralis Major Teres Major Coracobrachialis Lesser Biceps Brachii (short head) Triceps Brachii (long head) |
|
|
|
GH Joint Lateral Rotators - Posterior
|
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor Lesser: Posterior Deltoid |
|
|
|
GH Joint Medial Rotators
|
Latissimus Dorsi
Pectoralis Major Subscapularis Teres Major Lesser: Anterior Deltoid |
|
|
|
SC Joint Elevators
|
Upper Trapezius
Levator Scapulae Lesser: Rhomboids |
|
|
|
SC Joint Depressors
|
Lower Trapezius
Pectoralis Minor Serratus Anterior Gravity |
|
|
|
SC Joint Protractors
|
Serratus Anterior
Pectoralis Minor |
|
|
|
SC Joint Retractors
|
Rhomboids
Pectoralis Minor |
|
|
|
SC Joint Upward Rotators
|
Upper & Lower Trapezius (working together)
Serratus Anterior |
|
|
|
SC Joint Downward Rotators
|
Rhomboids
Pectoralis Minor |
|
|
|
SC Joint Upward Tilter
|
Pectoralis Minor
|
|
|
|
SC Joint Downward Tilter
|
Serratus Anterior
|
|
|
|
SC Joint Lateral Tilter
|
Pectoralis Minor
|
|
|
|
SC Joint Medial Tilter
|
Serratus Anterior
|
|
|
|
Which of the following muscles can medially rotate the should joint:
*Teres Minor *Subscapularis *Infraspinatus *Supraspinatus |
Infraspinatus
|
|
|
|
Which of the following muscles DOES NOT medially rotate the shoulder joint?
*Pectoralis Major *Latissimus Dorsi *Trapezius *Teres Major |
Trapezius
|
|
|
|
Which of the following muscles can flex the shoulder joint?
*Latissimus Dorsi *Supraspinatus *Teres Minor *Coracobrachialis |
Coracobrachialis
|
|
|
|
Which of the following muscles does not elevate the scapula?
*Levator Scapulae *Serratus Anterior *Rhomboids *Upper Trapezius |
Serratus Anterior
|
|
|
|
Which of the following muscles can laterally rotate the shoulder joint?
*Infraspinatus *Supraspinatus *Teres Major *Latissimus Dorsi |
Infraspinatus
|
|
|
|
Describe Concentric Contraction
|
Muscle contracts & shortens
|
|
|
|
Describe Eccentric Contraction
|
Muscle contracts & lengthens
|
|
|
|
Describe Isometric contraction
|
Muscle contracts & stays same length
|
|
|
|
Compare red & white muscle fibers
|
Red - better @ sustained/aerobic activities, slow twitch, deep, small
White - better * short bursts of activity, fast twitch, superficial, large |
|
|
|
Which of the following muscles can cause radial deviation of the wrist?
*Flexor carpi ulnaris *Palmaris longus *Pronator teres *Extensor carpi radialis brevis |
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
|
|
|
|
Which of the following muscles can supinate the forearm?
*Pronator teres *Biceps brachii *Triceps brachiii *Brachialis |
Biceps brachii
|
|
|
|
Which of the following muscles does NOT cause flexion of the wrist?
*Flexor digitorum superficialis *Flexor carpi ulnaris *Palmaris longus * Extensor digitorum |
Extensor digitorum
|
|
|
|
Which of the following muscles cannot pronate the forearm?
*Pronator teres *Anconeus *Brachioradialis *Pronator quadratus |
Anconeus
|
|
|
|
Name the main extensor of the elbow joint
|
Triceps brachii
|
|
|
|
Elbow Joint flexors
|
Biceps brachii
Brachialis Brachioradialis Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis |
|
|
|
Elbow Joint extensors
|
Triceps Brachii
Anconeus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris |
|
|
|
Radioulnar joint pronators
|
Pronator Teres
Brachioradialis Pronator quadratus |
|
|
|
Radioulnar joint supinators
|
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis Supinator |
|
|
|
Wrist Joint Flexors
|
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus Flezxor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus |
|
|
|
Wrist Joint Extensors
|
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Carpi Ulnaris |
|
|
|
Wrist Joint - Radial deviation of hand
|
Flexor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis |
|
|
|
Wrist Joint - Ulnar deviation of hand
|
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi ulnaris |
|
|
|
Extrinsic hand muscles of the fingers perform what actions?
|
Flexion of the fingers
Extension of the fingers |
|
|
|
Finger flexors
|
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus |
|
|
|
Finger extensors
|
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi Extensor indicis |
|
|
|
Thenar Group
|
Abductor Pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis |
|
|
|
Hypothenar Group
|
Abductor digiti minimi manus
Flexor digit minimi manus Oppenent diggiti minimi |
|
|
|
Central Compartment Group
|
Adductor Pollicis
Lumbricals Manus Palmar interossei Dorsal interossei manus |
|
|
|
Superficial fascial muscle
|
Palmaris Brevis
|
|
