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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cardiovascular System |
-includes blood vessels and the heart -transports blood throughout the body |
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Pulmonary Circuit |
transports oxygen-depleted blood from body through right side of heart (R atrium and ventricle) to lungs via pulmonary arteries |
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Systemic Circuit |
returns oxygenated blood from lungs through the left side of the heart and out to rest of body via the aorta |
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Heart |
-involuntary muscle -provides pumping force to move blood through blood vessels -located in the mediastinum -fist-sized organ with 4 separate chambers, divided into right and left halves |
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Atria |
-top 2 chambers of the heart -receive blood from veins -thin, muscular walls |
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Ventricles |
-bottom 2 chambers of the heart -larger than atria -thicker walls that provide a greater pumping force -L ventricle approx 3 times thicker than R ventricle |
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Atrioventricular Valves |
-lie b/w atria and ventricles -prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to atria |
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Tricuspid Valve |
three-flapped AV valve b/w R atrium and R ventricle |
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Bicuspid Valve |
-two-flapped AV valve b/w L atrium and L ventricle |
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Semilunar Valves |
lie b/w ventricles and arteries leading out of the heart |
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Pulmonary Valve |
SL valve located b/w R ventricle and pulmonary arteries leading to the lungs |
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Aortic Valve |
-SL valve located b/w L ventricle and aorta -prevent blood from flowing back into heart |
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Blood Flow Through Heart |
-CO2 blood enters R atrium through S/I IVC -through tricuspid valve into R ventricle -through pulmonic valve into pulmonary trunk -branches into R/L pulmonary arteries into lungs -CO2 exchanged for O2 -O2 enters L atrium through pulmonary veins -through bicuspid valve into L ventricle -through aortic valve to aorta and into body |
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Heart Sounds |
-result when the heart valves close -often described as "lub-dub" -when ventricles fill, AV valves close causing the 1st "lub" sound -when SL valves close, this is the second "dub" sound -happens about 72 times per minute |
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Arteries |
carry blood away from the heart and to the rest of the body's tissues |
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Veins |
carry blood toward the heart |
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Capillaries |
-form the link b/w arterioles and venules -microscopic, with walls only one endothelial cell thick -all exchange of O2/CO2 occurs here |
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Blood Clot on R Side of Heart |
will end up in the pulmonary system |
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Blood Clot on L Side of Heart |
will travel through aorta and then to brain, extremity, organ, or to heart itself via coronary arteries |
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Blood Clot in Vein |
will travel through heart and into pulmonary artery system since the vessels increase in size |
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Pulse |
-caused by contraction and expansion of artery -can be palpated anywhere that an artery can be compressed against a bone -common sites: radial, carotid, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial, femoral, popliteal, brachial, facial, temporal |
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Blood Pressure |
-when ventricles contract, they send blood either to lungs or to rest of the body -highest during the contraction phase (systole) -lowest when the ventricles relax and fill with blood (diastole) |
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Anastamosis |
-a joining of like vessels -provides alternate circulation if one of the vessels becomes blocked -helps ensure blood will get to its intended destination |
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Circle of Willis |
-internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery are joined by communicating arteries, forming a circle -ensures blood flow if any of the main arteries fail -not always completely developed in some people |
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Lymphatic System |
-made up of lymph vessels and nodes -collects excess fluid and transports it from periphery to venous system -filters lymph through lymph nodes -detects and fights infection in lymph nodes -returns lymph to bloodstream |
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Lymph Drainage |
-three main groups of regional nodes: cervical, axillary, and inguinal -drain into the jugular, subclavian, and lumbar lymphatic trunks, respectively -these trunks, plus those in abdomen and chest, drain into one of two ducts (R lymphatic or thoracic duct) and empty into venous system |
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Watersheds |
-separate the areas of lymph drainage -possible through lymphatic capillary anastomoses |
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Hemorrhage |
occurs when a break in a blood vessel allows blood to leak out of the closed system |
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Cerebral Hemorrhage |
-occurs within the confines of the bony skull -with nowhere for the blood to go, it can quickly put pressure on vital structures in the brain, causing a CVA |
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Epidural Bleeds |
-occur in arteries -symptoms develop more quickly due to higher pressure within the vessel |
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Subdural Bleeds |
-occur in veins -under less pressure, so symptoms tend to develop more slowly |
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Congestive Heart Failure |
-condition in which the heart can't pump strongly enough to push an adequate supply of blood out to the various parts of the body -as blood flowing from the heart slows, blood returning to the heart through the veins backs up, causing congestion in the body's tissues -edema in feet, ankles, and lungs common |
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Heart Murmur |
-an extra or unusual heart sound -whooshing can be heard through a stethoscope indicative of turbulent blood backflow |
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Arteriosclerosis |
-hardening of the arteries -vessel wall becomes less elastic and cannot dilate to allow greater blood flow when needed |
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Atherosclerosis |
-a type of arteriosclerosis -fatty deposits in the artery wall cause narrowing or blockage of the vessel |
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Coronary Artery Ischemia |
-partial blockage that slows blood flow to the vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle -can result in angina |
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Myocardial Infarction |
-AKA heart attack -complete blockage of coronary artery/arteries |
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Cerebrovascular Accident |
-AKA stroke -complete blockage of an artery to or in the brain |
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Phlebitis |
inflammation of a vein |
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Thrombosis |
formation of a blood clot that may partially or totally block a blood vessel (artery or vein) |
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Thrombophlebitis |
occurs when a clot causes inflammation in a vein |
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Embolism |
blood clot (or other foreign matter, such as air, fat, tumor) becomes dislodged and travels to another part of the body through ever smaller vessels until become wedged, causing an obstruction |
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Aneurysm |
-abnormal outward bulging or ballooning that is often caused by a weakened area in the wall -may go undetected if it ruptures |
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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome |
group of disorders involving compression of the brachial plexus and/or the subclavian artery and vein within the thoracic outlet |
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Lymphedema |
-accumulation of excess lymph and swelling -most commonly involves arm and legs |
