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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Afferent Neurons |
Nerves that carry electric impulses towards from the brain and spinal cord |
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Efferent Neurons |
Nerves that carry electric impulses away from the brain and spinal cord. Further divide into somatic and autonomic neurons |
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Somatic |
controls voluntary actions in nervous system |
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Autonomic |
part of nervous system that regulates involuntary action |
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Autonomic nervous system has 2 divisions |
sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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sympathetic |
part of the autonomic NS that tends to act in opposition to the parasympathetic NS, especially under symptoms of stress |
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parasympathetic |
part of the autonomic ns that tends to act in |
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stroke volume |
the volume of blood pumped from the heart with each contraction |
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cardiac output |
the volume of blood pumped by the heart per unit of time, usually a minute |
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Eccentric muscle action appear to... |
appear to cause greater damage to the tissues and more substantial soreness and pain in the effected tissues |
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Eccentric muscle actions |
are when the muscle fibers lengthen while generating force |
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Muscle fiber hypertrophy |
an increase in the muscle fiber cross sectional size |
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muscle fiber hyperplasia |
increase in the muscle fibers in a muscle |
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undifferentiated satellite cells |
undeveloped cell has potential to develop into developed cell |
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hematopoiesis |
formation and development of red blood cells |
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Erythropoietin |
a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells and hemoglobin |
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recombinant human Erythropoietin |
laboratory production of human Erythropoietin. also known as REPO |
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Atherosclerosis |
a disease process whereby cholesterol and blood lipids build up in the arteries, causing a narrowing of the vessel opening |
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maximal oxygen consumption |
the max amount of of oxygen the body can use during maximal maximal effort exercise |
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exercise induced asthma |
medical condition characterized by shortness of breath induced by sustained aerobic exercise |
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osmolarity |
a measure of the concentration of a solution electrolytes, glucose, etc. |
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macronutrients |
fat, carbohydrates, protein. food stuffs needed in large quantities that are used for numeral processes in the body |
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micronutrients |
water, minerals, vitamins. foodstuffs needed in smaller quantities |
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electrolytes |
anions and cations that are distributed in the fluid compartments of the body |
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carcinogen |
cancer causing agent of substance |
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procarcinogens |
compounds or substances that can lead to the formation of cancer cells |
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homeostasis |
normal conditions of funcitoning |
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exogenous |
coming from outside the body |
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androgenic effects |
the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics |
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anabolic effects |
development of maintenance of tissue, particularly skeletal muscle |
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innate |
natural |
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acquired |
adaptive |
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epidemiologic |
branch of medicine dealing with the incidence and prevelance of disease in a large population |
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overtraining syndrome |
a condition where too much training results in the maladaptions |
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glycosis |
breakdown of glucose to provide energy |
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glycogenolysis |
breakdown of glycogen to produce energy |
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oxidative metabolism |
use of oxygen to break down carbs, fats, and proteins to produce energy |
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erogenic aids |
any substance or device that improves physiologic or psychological preformance |
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body composition |
the amount of fat and non fat tissue in the body |
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maximal lactate steady state |
exercise intensity where maximal lactic acid production is matched by maximal lactic acid removal |
