Kines Final: The Gait Cycle

Front 1

what is a stride?

Back 1

R heel contact to R heel contact

Front 2

what is a stride length?

Back 2

R step + L step

Front 3

what is step length?

Back 3

distance from R heel contact to L heel contact

Front 4

what is the normal angle of toe out during gait?

Back 4

~7 degrees

Front 5

when is step width larger?

Back 5

at the beginning and end of life
(because balance is off)

Front 6

what is a cadence?

Back 6

number of steps per minute (step rate)

Front 7

what percentage of the gait cycle is stance?

Back 7

60%

Front 8

what percentage of the gait cycle is swing?

Back 8

40%

Front 9

what is normal walking speed?

Back 9

1.37 m/s or 3mph

Front 10

how many periods of double limb support are in the gait cycle?

Back 10

2

Front 11

when are the periods of double limb support in the gait cycle?

Back 11

0-10%
50-60%

Front 12

what are the subdivisions of the stance phase?

Back 12

heel contact
foot flat
mid-stance
heel off
toe off

Front 13

what are the subdivisions of the swing phase?

Back 13

early swing
mid swing
late swing

Front 14

where is your center of mass located when standing still?

Back 14

just anterior to S2

Front 15

when is your COM highest?

Back 15

mid-stance and mid-swing

Front 16

when your support limb is anterior to your COM, do you speed up or slow down?

Back 16

slow down

Front 17

when your support limb is posterior to your COM, do you speed up or slow down?

Back 17

speed up

Front 18

when are you at your minimum height during the gait cycle?

Back 18

periods of double limb support

Front 19

when are you at your maximum height during the gait cycle?

Back 19

mid-stance and mid-swing

Front 20

when are you at your minimum velocity during the gait cycle?

Back 20

mid-stance and mid-swing

Front 21

when are you at your maximum velocity during the gait cycle?

Back 21

periods of double limb support

Front 22

is hip flexion associated with anterior or posterior pelvic tilt?

Back 22

posterior pelvic tilt

Front 23

is hip extension associated with anterior or posterior pelvic tilt?

Back 23

anterior pelvic tilt

Front 24

immediately following heelstrike, what rapid motion helps you to push forward?

Back 24

plantarflexion

Front 25

after heelstrike, the hip and knee extend to clear the ipsilateral or contralateral side?

Back 25

contralateral

Front 26

should there be abduction and adduction during gait (motion in the frontal plane)?

Back 26

no! this is not a degree of freedom

Front 27

Using the subtalar joint, tibia, and femur, describe the stance phase.

Back 27

STJ pronates, pulls tibia into medial rotation, pulls femur into medial rotation
(bottom up)

Front 28

Using the subtalar joint, tibia, and femur, describe the swing phase.

Back 28

pelvis laterally rotates, encourages femur to laterally rotate, tibia laterally rotates, STJ supinates
(top down)

Front 29

what is the major function of the tibialis posterior muscle at the STJ?

Back 29

decelerate motion at STJ by slowly lowering the medial border of the foot to the ground

Front 30

which pelvis drops during adduction?

Back 30

contralateral

Front 31

are the lateral rotators used in the early or mid stance phase of the gait?

Back 31

early stance phase

Front 32

are the medial rotators used in the early or mid stance phase of the gait?

Back 32

mid-stance phase

Front 33

which is the largest ground reaction force?

Back 33

vertical ground reaction force

Front 34

are the ground reaction forces anterior or posterior?

Back 34

posterior
(foot force is anterior)

Front 35

there is minimal to no movement on which axis?

Back 35

medial/lateral

Front 36

where does the center of pressure on the foot begin at heelstrike?

Back 36

laterally on the heel

Front 37

at what cost do abnormal gait patterns result in?

Back 37

increased energy expenditure
abnormal stresses to the body

Front 38

what type of gait results from pain?

Back 38

antalgic pan

Front 39

in an antalgic gait, is the affected or unaffected side stance phase shorter?

Back 39

affected

Front 40

what type of gait is circular motion to advance leg during swing, compensating for insufficient LE shortening?

Back 40

circumduction

Front 41

what type of gait do your legs cross at mid-line?

Back 41

scissor gait

Front 42

what type of gait includes excessive sagittal plane hip and knee flexion, compensating for a lack of dorsiflexion (usually associated with a foot drop)?

Back 42

steppage gait

Front 43

what type of gait is excessive lateral trunk flexion over the stance leg, compensating for glut medius weakness?

Back 43

trendelenberg gait

Front 44

what type of gait does the swing leg advance by pelvic elevation and/or plantarflexion on stance leg, compensating for insufficient LE shortening on swing?

Back 44

vaulting gait