Kines Exam 2

Front 1

humeroulnar joint

Back 1

hinge, 145 deg AROM, 160 deg PROM

15 deg carrying angle (women > men)

Front 2

lateral collateral ligament of elbow resists

Back 2

resists varus stress and is stabilizer in flexion, resists distraction

Front 3

anterior articular capusule of elbow resists

Back 3

lateral resists varus

medial resists valgus

Front 4

medial collateral ligament of elbow resists

Back 4

anterior fibers: resist valgus and limit extension

posterior fibers: resist valgus and guide flexion

Front 5

first recruited in elbow extension

Back 5

anconeus then medial tricep

Front 6

arthrokinematics of distal radioulnar joint

Back 6

radius is concave, ulna is convex

pivot joint

anterior or posterior glie

Front 7

arthrokinematics of proximal radioulnar joint

Back 7

radius is convex, ulna is concave

pivot joint - spin

Front 8

quadrate ligament of elbow resists

Back 8

supination and stabilized radial head

Front 9

interosseus membrane of forearm

Back 9

resists supination and distributes forces

Front 10

oblique cord of elbow

Back 10

resists supination and distraction with brachioradialis

Front 11

palmar radioulnar resists

Back 11

supination

Front 12

dorsal radioulnar resists

Back 12

pronation

Front 13

radius and ulna on carpals arthrokinematics

Back 13

convex carpals on concave radius + ulna

Front 14

midcarpal joint arthrokinematics

Back 14

condyloid

hamate and capitate (convex) on triquetrium and lunate (concave)

trapezium (concave) on trapazoid + scaphoid (convex)

Front 15

intercarpal joint

Back 15

plane joint

Front 16

radial collateral ligament of wrist resists

Back 16

ulnar deviation

Front 17

ulnar collateral of wrist resists

Back 17

radial deviation

Front 18

Thumb CMC joint arthrokinematics

Back 18

saddle

metacarpal is convex, carpal is concave

flex/ex is same

abd/add is opposite

Front 19

2nd - 5th CMC Joints arthrokinematics

Back 19

2-4 condyloid, 5th is saddle

convex metacarpals, concave carpals

Front 20

Thumb MCP joint arthrokinematics

Back 20

condyloid

proximal phalange (concave) on convex metacarpals)

Front 21

cord of finger collateral ligamnts

Back 21

resists flexion

Front 22

accessory collateral of fingers

Back 22

resists extension

Front 23

2-5th MCP Joints arthrokinematics

Back 23

proximal phalange (concave) on convex metacarpals

Front 24

2-5th PIP and DIP arthrokinematics

Back 24

concave phalanges on convex

Front 25

Coxa vara

Back 25

<115 deg

benefits: increases moment arm of hip abductors, decreases joint reaction force, may improve stability

detriments: increases shear force, femoral neck may fracture, decreases function length of hip flexors, changes stress on acetabulum

Front 26

Coxa Valga

Back 26

>125 deg

benefits: increases functional length of hip flexors, decreases shear force

detriments: decreases moment arm of hip abductors, increases joint reaction force, increases instability

Front 27

normal orientation of femur in acetabulum

Back 27

10-15 deg anteversion, promotes joint congruency

Front 28

pathological anteverion

Back 28

>15 deg, limits ER, excessive IR, causes toe-in

Front 29

retroversion

Back 29

<10 deg, limits IR, excessive ER, toe-out, labral tears

Front 30

flexion and extension of hip arthrokinematics

Back 30

spin

flexion: posterior glide

extension: anterior glide

Front 31

iliofemoral ligament resists

Back 31

-hip extension, external rotation and prevents pelvis from rotating posterior in standing

-goes from anterior iliac crest to greater and lesser trochanters

Front 32

pubofemoral ligament resists

Back 32

hip extension and abduction

- goes from pubic bone to between trochanters

Front 33

ischiofemoral ligaments resists

Back 33

hip extension, adduction and internal rotation

Front 34

closed pack of hip

Back 34

extension, abduction and internal rotation

Front 35

open pack of hip

Back 35

alight abduction, flexion and external rotation

Front 36

anterior pelvic tilt

Back 36

increases lordosis, caused by hip flexors and trunk extensors

Front 37

posterior pelvic tilt

Back 37

decreases lordosis, caused by hip extensors and trunk flexors

Front 38

lateral pelvic tilt

Back 38

caused by hip abductors of same side and quadratus lumborum of opposite side

Front 39

pelvic drop

Back 39

lumbar laterally flexes toward stance side

Front 40

trendellenburg sign

Back 40

caused by weak hip abductors, typically they eccentrically contract

Front 41

forward pelvic rotation

Back 41

iliac crest move forward on non-stance leg and stance leg internally rotated

Front 42

backward pelvic rotation

Back 42

iliac crest moves backward on non-stance leg and stance leg externally rotates

Front 43

primary hip flexors

Back 43

iliopsoas

rectus femoris

sartorius

tensor fascia lata

Front 44

primary hip extensors

Back 44

gluteus maximus

hamstrings

adductor magnus

Front 45

primary hip adductors

Back 45

adductor magnus

adductor longus

adductor brevis

pectinus

gracilis

Front 46

primary hip abductors

Back 46

gluteus medius (greatest at <20 deg flexion)

gluteus minimus

tensor fascia lata

Front 47

primary external rotators

Back 47

obturator internus

obturator externus

inferior and superior gemellus

piriformis

gluteus maximus

quadratus femoris

Front 48

secondary hip flexors

Back 48

pectineus

gracilis

adductor longus

adductor brevis

gluteus minimus

Front 49

secondary hip extensor

Back 49

posterior fibers of gluteus medius

Front 50

secondary hip adductors

Back 50

quadratus femoris

biceps femoris - long head

gluteus maximus

Front 51

secondary hip abductors

Back 51

piriformis

sartorius

gluteus maximus

Front 52

seconary external rotators of hip

Back 52

sartorius

biceps femoris - long head

gluteus medius - posterior fibers

gluteus minimus - posterior fibers

Front 53

Hip Internal Rotators

Back 53

tensor fascia lata

adductor longus

adductor brevis

pectinius

gluteus medius - anterior

gluteus minimus - anterior

semimembranosis

semitendinosis

Front 54

angle of tibial plateau

Back 54

7-10 deg

Front 55

normal knee valgus

Back 55

185 deg

Front 56

ruffini

Back 56

respond to stretch

Front 57

pacinian

Back 57

respond to vibration

Front 58

golgi tendon organs

Back 58

respond to stretch/muscle force

Front 59

anterior capsule of the knee

Back 59

patella, quad tendon, patellar ligament

Front 60

posterior capsule of the knee

Back 60

from femoral condyles to intercondylar ridge and posteiror tibial condyle

Front 61

three bursa continuous with the synovial fluid

Back 61

suprapatellar, subpopliteal and gastroc

Front 62

ligaments of extensor retinaculum

Back 62

lateral and medial patellofemoral and lateral and medial patellotibial

resist extension, varus an valgus stress and anterior and posterior displacement of tibia beneath femur

Front 63

medial collateral ligament of knee

Back 63

prevents excessive valgus stress and lateral tibial rotation

blends in w/ capsule and more commonly torn

Front 64

lateral collateral ligament of the knee (and IT band)

Back 64

blends w/ biceps femoris, limits anterior translation, resists varus stress, limits lateral tibial rotation

Front 65

ACL

Back 65

-anteriomedial bundle: slack in ext

-posteriomedial bundle: slack in flexion

-resists anterior translation of tibia or posterior translation of femur

-tight in weight bearing knee flexion due to posterior roll

Front 66

most common ACL injury

Back 66

knee is slightly flexed and tibia is rotated in weight bearing

Front 67

PCL

Back 67

shorter, thicker , resists greater loads

posteriormedial bundle slack in flexion

anterior medial slack in extension

Front 68

closed pack of knee

Back 68

full extension

Front 69

open pack of knee

Back 69

25-30 deg flexion

Front 70

when knee flexes in non-weight bearing:

Back 70

tibia internally rotates

reverse: on fixed tibia femur will rotate externally

Front 71

when knee extends in non-weight bearing:

Back 71

tibia externally rotates

reverse: on fixed tib, femur will rotate internally

Front 72

screw home mechanism

Back 72

tibia externally rotates on locked knee, popliteus unlocks

Front 73

iliotibial band

Back 73

provides lateral support in near full extension, restricts excessive anterior tibial translation in flexion (w/ ACL), can help externally rotate tibia

Front 74

movement of the meniscus in flexion

Back 74

semimembranosis pulls posterior, femoral condyles push posteriorly

Front 75

movement of the meniscus in extension

Back 75

patellofemoral and quadraceps expansion pull anterior, femoral condyles push anteriorly

Front 76

pes anserinus

Back 76

sartorious, gracilis and semitendinosis

Front 77

peak quad force in relation to flexion

Back 77

best at 45-60 deg flexion

Front 78

quad lag

Back 78

weak quads cause inability to do straight leg raise, knee will be flexed

Front 79

patella is most uncongruent in:

Back 79

extension, only inferior pole touches

Front 80

patella movement in flexion

Back 80

medially at first then slightly laterally at end of range

Front 81

patella movement in extension

Back 81

lateral tracking

Front 82

normal Q angle

Back 82

13 degrees for female, 18 deg for males

Front 83

causes of lateral patellar tilt

Back 83

lax medial extensor retinaculum or shortening of alteral retinaculum

Front 84

greatest force of patella on femur

Back 84

at 90 deg knee flexion

Front 85

hindfoot

Back 85

talu and calcaneus

Front 86

midfoot

Back 86

navicular, cuboid and 3 cuniforms

Front 87

forefoot

Back 87

metatarsals and phalanges