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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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diffusion
osmosis facilitated diffusion |
passive mechanisms
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all particles will spread spontaneously from regions of higher to lower concentration. random thermal motion. Will continue till state of equilibrium is reached - the point at which concentrations no longer change.
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diffusion
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the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Ratio of water to particle.
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osmosis
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active transport
endocytosis exocytosis |
active mechanisms
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molecules that are insoluble in the lipid layer of membranes or is too big to fit through the pores and channels are helped by certain proteins.
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facilitated diffusion
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the opposite of diffusion - moving against the concentration gradient, uses carrier molecules (pumps), requires substantial energy (up to 40% of cell energy supply, will use ATP)
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active transport
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the passage of large molecules through the membrane using vesicles that merge with the membrane through which they are passing.
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exo- and endo-cytosis
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pinocytosis (cell drinking, plasma&water)
phagocytosis (cell eating- breaking things down) receptor mediated: a substance first binds with a receptor protein and then is transported into the cell. |
Endocytosis
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molecules that release ions in water.
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electrolytes
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salts are common of this: sodium, chlorine, potassium
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examples of electrolytes
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the body is constantly attempting to maintain a balance between...
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water and electrolytes
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water intake+water output=
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water balance
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depends on individual and environment. Avg. 2.5L p/d.
60% fluid intake 30% fluid trapped in solid foods. 10% metabolism of food. |
water intake
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stimulation of these receptors in the thirst center of the brain causes a thirst response.
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osmoreceptors
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thirst response is inhibited by...
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stomach distension then by osmoreceptors
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urine, feces, sweat, insensible water loss from the skin, loss during breathing. Regulation primarily through urine output.
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water output
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female 52% body wt. is h2o
male 63% body wt. is h2o about 40L in total Sum total of all water in the body. |
total body water
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all fluid within cell
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intracellular
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all the fluid outside of the cells
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extracellular
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fluid found in vascular system or between cells.
Vascular system=plasma between cell=interstitial |
ciscellular
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other fluids not mentioned...fluid of the eye, etc...
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transcellular
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Very high concentration of sodium ion (Na+).
Blood plasma has high concentration of protein, which helps regulate fluid balance. |
extracellular fluids
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very high concentration of potassium (K+)
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intracellular fluids
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