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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a task that requires voluntary body and/or limb movement in order to achieve a specific goal.
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motor skill
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Acquisition (or reaquisition) of motor skills.
Behavioral and/or neurological changes. |
motor learning
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How the neuromuscular system functions in order to coordinate all the body parts during movement.
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motor control
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Relationship between motor learning and control over the life span.
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motor development
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Movement or motor skill performance is influenced by the...
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interaction between individual capabilities, the environment, and the task or goal.
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A task that has a specific goal to achieve.
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skill
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A learned skill that requires voluntary body and/or limb movement to achieve the goal.
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motor skill
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Same as motor skill; goal directed activity that consists of body and/or limb movements; family of movements.
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action
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Behavioral characteristics of a specific limb or combination of limbs (e.g. different ways of walking)
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movements
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A goal to achieve-have a purpose.
Performed voluntarily-not reflexes. Requires body and/or limb movements-differentiates from other skills. Need to be learned or relearned (e.g. walking). |
Characteristics common to motor skills.
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People learn skills.
People adapt movement characteristics to achieve a common goal. Actions and movements are evaluated with different types of measures...evaluate actions related to outcomes...evaluate movements related to specific characteristics. |
Distinguishing between skills (actions) and movements.
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4 methods of classification.
3 or the 4 methods are one-dimension systems. |
classifying/categorizing motor skills.
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Categorize skills according to one common characteristic.
Extreme, opposite ends of a continuum. Three one-dimension classification systems. |
One-dimension classification systems.
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Requires use of large muscles to achieve goal.
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gross motor skills
1-dimension |
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Requires small muscles to achieve goal.
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fine motor skills
1-dimension |
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Clearly defined beginning and end points.
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discrete motor skills
1-dimension |
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Series of discrete movements.
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serial motor skills
1-dimension |
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Arbitrary beginning and end points.
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continuous motor skills
1-dimension |
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Object the person is acting upon; charcteristics of the context in which the person performs the skill.
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environment
1-dimension |
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Skill is performed in a stable or predictable environment; performer determines initiation of the action.
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closed motor skill
1-dimension |
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Unstable or unpredictable environment; object is in motion and determines the initiation of action.
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open motor skills
1-dimension |
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Designed to capture the complexity of motor skills.
Originally designed for physical therapists. Creates 16 categories. Increasing complexity of skill from top/left to bottom/right. Useful guide for evaluation/assessment and progression of functional movements. |
two-dimension system
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Science of classification.
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taxonomy
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Two general characteristics that must be considered with all skills (developed with physical therapy in mind)
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environmental context
function of the action |
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2 dimension system
Regulatory conditions. Intertrial variability. Body orientation. Object manipulation. |
Gentile's Taxonomy of Motor Skills
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Stationary v. in-motion.
That which regulates the movement of the action; must movements conform to the environmental features to be successful? |
regulatory conditions
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absent v. present.
Are regulatory conditions during performance same or different from one attempt to the next? |
intertrial variablity
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Stability v. transport.
Changing or maintaining body location; moving from one place to another? |
body orientation
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yes or no.
is there an object involved? |
object manipulation
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