Kine 2020 - Cancer

Front 1

What is cancer?

Back 1

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of mutated cells.

Front 2

Differentiate between a malignant and benign tumor.

Back 2

A malignant tumor is a cancerous tumor that is capable of spreading.
A benign tumor is a growth that is not currently cancerous

Front 3

Differentiate between a primary tumor and a secondary tumor.

Back 3

A primary tumor is the original tumor.
A secondary tumor is a tumor that has metastasized from the primary tumor and is now located in another region of the body.

Front 4

What are the most common cancers in men and women? What are the most deadly?

Back 4

The most common cancers in females is breast cancer, the most common in males is prostate cancer. The most deadly is lung cancer for both sexes.

Front 5

What is dysplasia?

Back 5

Dysplasia is the change in size and function of a cell.

Front 6

What are the 4 types of malignant tumors?

Back 6

Carcinoms, Sarcoms, Lympomas, Leukemias

Front 7

What kind of cancers are carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, leukemias?

Back 7

1)Carcinomas are cancers of the epithelial tissue. (Skin, Breast, Lung)
2)Sarcomas are cancers of muscle, connective tissue and bone.
3)Lymphomas are cancers originating from the lypmphatic tissue.
4)Leukemia is the cancer of the blood or blood forming cells

Front 8

What are the two biggest risk factors for developing cancer?

Back 8

Tobacco use and Diet/Obesity

Front 9

At current rates, how many men and women will develop cancer?

Back 9

At current rates 1 in 2 men and 1 in 3 women will develop cancer but more than half will be cured.

Front 10

What age group has the highest incidence of breast cancer?

Back 10

The age group 50-69 has the highest incidence of breast cancer 49%.

Front 11

What are the 4 types of breast cancer?

Back 11

Ductal Carcinoma In situ
Lobular Carcinoma In situ
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma

Front 12

What is the most common invasive cancer? In situ cancer?

Back 12

The invasive ductal carcinoma is most common (80%). The Ductal Carcinoma in situ is the most common non invasive cancer.

Front 13

Which cancer is a precursor to an invasive cancer?

Back 13

The lobular carcinoma in situ requires a physical exam 3 times a year and a annual mammogram.

Front 14

What are two surgical techniques used to remove breast cancer?

Back 14

Lumpectomy and Mastectomy

Front 15

Name the two estrogen blocking drugs. Why are they used?

Back 15

Tamoxifen and Arimidex are used to prevent estrogen production because cancer needs estrogen to grow.

Front 16

What are the ABCD's of cancerous moles?

Back 16

A- Assymetry
B- Border Irregularity
C- Color Variation
D- Diameter

Front 17

A diet high in fruits and vegetables, antioxidants and low alcohol intake can help with prevention of cancer. T/F

Back 17

True

Front 18

What is the CAUTION acronym for cancer cautions?

Back 18

C - Change in bowel behavior
A - A sore that doesn't heal
U - Unusual bleeding
T - Thickening lump
I - Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O - Obvious Change in a wart or mole
N - Nagging cough

Front 19

Annual mammograms for women over 40 are required. T/F?

Back 19

True.

Front 20

Are people with a certain personality predisposed to cancer?

Back 20

The results are inconclusive.

Front 21

Can health behaviors affect onset of cancer?

Back 21

Yes, health behaviors such as smoking, inactivity, diet, and self examination can increase or decrease the risk of cancer.

Front 22

How does a fighting spirit influence disease progression?

Back 22

A patient with a fighting spirit has been shown to live longer than other patients who are depressed, use avoidance, and express hopelessness.

Front 23

What did the "psychological response and 15 year outcome" study prove (Greer, 1991)?

Back 23

Over a 15 year period, patients who had exhibited the fighting spirit lived more than groups showing different emotions. (anxiety, depression, helplessness)

Front 24

What is the psychological impact of cancer?

Back 24

47% experience some psychiatric disorder. Patients experience chronic mild depression and some experience Post traumatic stress disorder.

Front 25

What are some social impacts of cancer?

Back 25

1) tremendous strain on relationships
2) sexual dysfunction
3) Children of patients are fearful and angered (common)
4) Friends or patient may withdraw from social gatherings

Front 26

How does social support affect onset of cancer? Married?

Back 26

If no social support, one is likely to have more rapid onset of cancer. Married people tend to survive longer than single people.

Front 27

When does psychological function return to prediagnosis levels?

Back 27

usually after 2 years.

Front 28

People of older age and have less physical impairment/disfigurement have better adaptation.

Back 28

True.

Front 29

When giving a diagnosis, what should the physician do?

Back 29

1) Make sure patient is alert
2) Wait for emotions to subside
3) present treatment planning

Front 30

What are some specific symptoms of cancer?

Back 30

pain, loss of appetite, nausea

Front 31

What kind of training has been found effective in cancer pain management?

Back 31

Relaxation and coping skills training

Front 32

What is distraction training?

Back 32

Distraction training was studied by Redd et al. 1997. Children who played video games during chemotherapy had less anxiety and nausea than those who did not.

Front 33

What did Spiegel et al. 1989, find about the use of psychotherapy for cancer patients?

Back 33

Patients who had metastatic breast cancer survived 18 months longer with psychotherapy.

Front 34

What did Fawzy et al, 1990 find about melanoma patients and group therapy?

Back 34

Patients who had group therapy and standard care had better immune function, vigor, mood, and coping than control group. 6 years later 29% of control died, but 6% of group therapy groups died.