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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define race
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-Based on shared genetic traits
-Social construct -Categories based on continuous traits |
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Define ethnicity
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-Characteristics associated w/ cultural heritage
-Not based on genetically determine traits |
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What are some aspects of a racial classification system?
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-White skin is seen as standard because European explorers wanted a way to differentiate themselves
-Classified white as intellectually superior (hence QB stacking) -Black men are assumed to be athletes and this is bad because it takes away from the duality of student-athlete. Also is used to explain the success in sports |
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Why can't we say that sports success is based on human biology? (Race)
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-There are skills involved
-Black people do not dominate the high jump -Environment you grew up in as well as access play a much greater role in a person's level of success |
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Socialization
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Sport participation is related to 3 factors...
1. A person's abilities, characteristics, and resources 2. The influence of significant others, including parents, siblings, teachers, peers, and role models 3. The availability of opportunities to play sports in ways that are personally satisfying |
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What makes someone decided to participate in sports?
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-Opportunities
-Cultural influence-not just what is accessible (What is acceptable for race?) -Socializing agents |
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Why doen't anyone research why white people dominate that sport?
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-When athletes are white, racial ideology focuses attention on social and cultural factors rather than biological and genetic ones.
-Dominant racial ideology prevents people from seeing "whiteness" as an issue in these cases because it is the taken for granted standard against which everything else is reviewed. |
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Explain a sense of destiny (For a young black man)
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1. Racial ideology+discrimination+encouragement leads to...
2a. Belief about biological and cultural destiny + 2b. Motivation to develop physical skills leads to... Outstanding achievements in sports |
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Career opportunities study
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A study done by asking 1800 WM & BM about there future in sports
NFL BM 49% WM 27% NBA BM 55% WM 20% Realistically pro athlete BM 57% WM 41% Lawyer BM 17% WM 27% Teacher BM 14% WM 28% |
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Have black men taken over sports and why do people assume so?
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No. This assumption is based only on what most people see which are the most popular sports. But their participation is limited to only certain sports
40% of major and minor leagues baseball players are latino White athletes may avoid certain sports-study done (kid would give up basketball for xc) |
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What was the topic of the documentary "In Whose Honor?"
(Include notable observations) |
The film told the story of Charlene Teters who was protesting against the use of Native Americans as mascots for the University of Illinois fighting Illini.
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What are some reasons people support the use of Native American mascots?
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-Part of school ID
-Brings attention to the NA (they mention honorable portrayal/recognition of being brave and strong) -It is a traditional display of an NA -Why should the majority of people have to take into account the feelings and sentiments of a small minority? -Cite the SI study from 2002 in which 81% of NA said don't get rid of NA mascots (claimed NA id over the phone and many did not live on a reserve) |
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What are some reasons people are opposed to the use of Native American mascots?
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-perpetrates idea that NA are aggressive etc and people only see or experience NAs ithrough sport
-Lack of respect for sacred rituals and culture -Can be harmful w/o intent -Opponents can also show signs of hate to NAs through the mascot -Redskins as a racial slur -Opposition tends to be college educated minorities rather than football fans |
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How does the influence of power play a role in the decision to continue use of native american mascots?
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-One must consider the minority when discussing prejudice and privilege
-But NAs make up less than 1% of the US population so their opposition to the use of NA mascots goes unnoticed |
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What are some examples of sport teams who have changed their names?
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University of hawaii-rainbows changed to warriors (rainbows=LGBTQ?)
Washington bullets Mimami of ohio changed from redskins to redhawks and did not have a big impact on alumni donation You can honor the school but not the mascot. ex. byu doesn't have a brigham young mascot |
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Coaching opportunities for minorities
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-Not a lot of black coaches in sports
-NCAA d1 fb 16/120 but 45% of players are black -nfl 3/32 67% of players are black Black Coaching Association (BCA) rates whether or not a selection process of a coach was good based on -contact with minority candidates -search committee -# of candidates interviewed -Time frame of at least 2 weeks |
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What is the rooney rule?
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-Teams must interview an ethnic minority
-Not following the rules will bring a fine -est 2003 by Dan Rooney owner of the steelers |
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What are some of the experiences of ethnic minority female athletes?
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-2nd generation latina athletes are more encouraged to do sports than 1st generation ones
-Asian females did not differ in overall involvement of ethnic groups. perhaps because of 2 income household so see mom as working -Type of sport differed (no cheerleading) Black female athletes often try to avoid being "too black" and tone down stereotypically apparent personal traits and often end up being reduced to their physicality |
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Does our society use sport as a way of saying racism is less of a problem?
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-After making a small step forward a big deal is made out of it when in actuality nothing has changed drastically
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Powell Article-"Natural Athleticism"-Where science ends and bias begins
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-Black people do not dominate sports
-White people still own most sports as far as owners and participants -Black people are retreating from athletics. the decline is caused by the rise in the black middle class who now have access to other recreational things beside sports -This disputes the the myth that blacks are uniquely gifted to dominate certain sports. -emphasis needs to be placed on environment when determining why black are superior in the few sports in which blacks are large in number -blacks don't have as many opportunities to prove themselves superior in other fields ie lawyers dentists etc -skills are developed by poor black who have precious few options other than playing pickup basketball and backyard football -if black kids had the same opportunities as white kids the test scores wouldn't be an issue -the superior athletic abilities of black athletes by is justified and accepted only because of the the stereotype that their lack of intelligence makes up for it. -The perception of black dominance doesn't give black athletes enough credit for their training and implies that blacks use brawn whereas whites use intelligence to get ahead in sports. |
