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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is sport & exercise psychology? |
The scientific study of people and their behavior in sport and exercise contexts |
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Key aspects of "scientific inquiry" |
Scientific inquiry is systematic, controlled, empirical and critical. It is also controlled in so far as researchers conducting an experiment want to ensure that changes in the independent (or predictor) variable of interest is the only thing that causes a change in an outcome (i.e., dependent) variable. |
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Different types of sport psychology |
1. Educational (research, teaching, consulting) 2. Clinical - licensed to work with athletes with severe emotional or psychological problems (e.g. Depression, eating disorders) Note: not all sport psychology professionals are qualified to deal with both 1 and 2 |
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Coleman Griffith |
- early 20th century - Father of Sport Psychology in North America - 1st sport psychology lab at University of Illinois; lab is still running |
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Bruce Ogilvie |
- Father of Applied Sport Psychology - took control of applying research to athletes - wrote "Problem Athletes and How to Handle Them" - from SJSU; sport psychologist to major Hollywood stars |
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Rainer Martens |
- Father of Modern Sport Psychology - social psychology and physical activity - Human Kinetic Publishing - played baseball |
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The Iceberg Profile |
Shows type A behavior patterns are associated with heart disease and appear to be altered via exercise. Also shows that exercise and increased fitness appear to be associated with increased fitness appear to be associated with increased in self-esteem especially in individuals with low self-esteem. |
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The Big Five Personality Traits |
Openness to experience - originality, need for variety, curiosity Conscientiousness - constraint, achievement striving, self-discipline Extraversion - enthusiasm, sociability, assertiveness Agreeableness - amiability, altruism, modesty Neuroticism - nervousness, anxiety, depression, anger |
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What makes up personality? |
- All the consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others, especially in social situations. - Personality is made up of our psychological core, typical responses, and role-related behavior |
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Different Approaches to Personality |
Psychodynamic, trait, situational, interactional |
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How are personality and sport performance related? |
- some relationship exists between personality traits and states and sport performance, but it is far from perfect or precise. - The link between personality and athletic performance is tenuous at best. |
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Motivation |
- a central and perennial issue in psychology - a central and perennial issue in psychology- concerned with all aspects of behavioral activation and intention- energy, direction, and persistence - a central and perennial issue in psychology- concerned with all aspects of behavioral activation and intention- energy, direction, and persistence - concerned with all aspects of behavioral activation and intention- energy, direction, and persistence |
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Types of Motivation |
- Intrinsic- engaging in behavior for the inherent pleasure or satisfaction - Extrinsic- motivation that is induced by a force external to or outside the individual - Amotivation- relative absence of motivation or lack of intention to engage in a behavior |
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Factors that foster intrinsic movitation |
- environments that promote or foster individuals' sense of competence, autonomy, and relatedness will produce beneficial well-being and motivational consequences |
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Cognitive Evaluation Theory |
- a subtheory of SDT that focuses upon social and environmental factors that elicit and sustain (versus subdue and diminish) intrinsic motivation - assumes that intrinsic motivation is inherent and that it will flourish if circumstances permit |
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Organismic Integration Theory |
- differentiates the types of extrinsic motivation - they vary in their degree of autonomy (the amount of choice you have) - Example: children play sports because their friends are vs. Because their parents force them to. |
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OIT: high self determination to low self determination |
(High to low) 1. Intrinsic Motivation 2. Integrated Regulation 3. Identified regulation 4. Introjected regulation 5. External regulation 6. Amotivation |
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OIT: amotivation |
Lacking the intention to act for whatever reason, usually due to no confidence. |
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OIT: External regulation |
Doing the activity for something outside joy and satisfaction. I.e., for scholarship money, to win; anything outside of you. |
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OIT: introjected regulation |
An injured player returning to play for the team to avoid feeling guilty |
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OIT: identified regulation |
Activity accepted but not pleasant or fun. I.e., running a marathon to say you did It, but it wasn't exactly fun |
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OIT: Integrated Regulation |
Basically intrinsic motivation; doing something not only because you enjoy it but also because of something else outside of that enjoyment (i.e., getting paid) |
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How to promote integration of extrinsic motivation |
Provide sport and exercise environments that are conducive to autonomy, relatedness, and competence. |
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Who brought women's issues to the forefront of sport psych? |
Dorothy Harris |
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The important factors in Psychology Foundations |
Psychology of women as a sub discipline emerged and grew rapidly in the 1970s. - identifies early women pioneers - recognizes that these women were pioneers |
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Who is the most influential woman in sport psychology? |
Carolyn Sherif |
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Who were the participants in the Piedmont study? |
Female soccer players |
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Which personality dimensions were related to athletic performance? |
Neuroticism and Conscientiousness |
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What year did sport psychology become more than just a hobby? |
1925 |
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What year did the first sport psychology lab close? |
1932 |
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Which athlete was interviewed in one of Griffith's most famous interviews |
Harold "Red" Grange |
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How has Griffith's work affected the growth of research/practice in sport psych? |
Griffith's work became a model for sport and exercise psychologists. Psychologists began to test athletes, assessing reaction times, concentration, personality, and aggression. |
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How many years did Griffith offer services in sport psychology? |
1920 - 1940 (20 years) |