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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tendinitis vs. Paratenonitis |
Tendinitis: inflammation of the tendon itself Paratenonitis: inflammation of paratenon |
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Isometric contraction |
muscle contraction in which the length of the muscle does not change |
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concentric contraction |
muscle shortens while contracting against resistance |
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eccentric |
muscle lengthens while contracting against resistance (greatest risk of injury) |
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muscle injures occur in 2 ways: |
1. distention 2. direct trauma
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traumatic (acute) injury |
sudden, clearly defined onset when tissue loading is sufficient to cause irreversible deformation of tissue (usually in high speed sports) |
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overuse (chronic) injury |
occurs slowly over time; repeated overloading accumulates overtime to exceed tissue threshold
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what 2 factors cause injuries? |
extrinisc and intrinsic factors |
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Muscle stretch injury is called what? |
Strain |
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what is a grade 1 strain? |
less than 10-20% of fibers torn near full range of motion (ROM) good strength 4-5/5 slight pain |
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what is a grade 2 strain? |
20-80% torn fibers significant decrease in ROM poor strength 2-3/5 ecchymosis occurs (bruising) palpable divot |
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what is a grade 3 strain? |
80+% torn fibers passive ROM poor strength 0-1/5 variable pain ...sometimes no pain |
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why is no pain for grade 3 strains? |
muscle is completely torn, therefore no stretch and no pain |
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Intramuscular vs. Intermuscular |
Intra - no injury to fascia, chemical irritation and long healing process Inter - injury to fascia, fast healing process, no chemical irritation |
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tendinitis vs. tendinosis |
tendinitis is inflammation to the tendon while tendinosis is the degeneration of the no longer inflamed tendon |
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what is the vascularity like in tendonosis? |
neovascularization occurs; more blood vessels are produced but with poorer quality |
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Ligament characteristics |
highly made of collagen with some elasticity connects bone to bone well innervated
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name 3 types of ligaments and there characteristics |
intra-articular: inside a joint or joint capsule capsular: where ligament projects as a thickening of a joint capsule extra-capsular: outside of the joint capsule |
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What is the load deformation curve? |
it is the property of ligaments in 3 phases: toe region, linear region, rupture region |
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a tear in a ligament is called what? |
sprain |
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what is a grade 1 sprain? |
full ROM slight pain on palpation no joint laxity has an end point
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what is a grade 2 sprain? |
significant loss of motion significant pain on palpation joint laxity has an end point |
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what is a grade 3 sprain? |
loss of motion pain on palpation gross laxity has no end point |
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what are the different classification of fractures? |
greenstick, spiral, comminuted, transverse, compound |
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what are the 2 fracture characteristics? |
open: bone breaks through tissue compound: little or no displacement of bone through tissue |
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how to detect a fracture vs. contusion |
direct pressure = both fracture and contusion indirect pressure = pain with fracture (ex. rotation) |
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what are the symptoms of the inflammatory phase? |
3-4 days cellular injury - release of chemical mediators primary and secondary damage |
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name the 7 steps to the inflammatory stage |
1. injury to cell 2. chemical mediators are released 3. vascular reactions 4. margination 5. diapedisis 6. phagocytosis 7. clot formation
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what are the characteristics of repair phase? |
72 hours to 6 weeks scar formation growth of endothelial capillary buds type 3 collagen
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what are the characteristics of remodeling phase? |
6 weeks to years increase stress and strain to realign collagen fibers wolf's law is to be applied |
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what is wolf's law? |
bone and soft tissue will respond to the physical demands placed on them, causing them to strengthen along lines of tensile face |
