Kimsclass Digestion Challenge

Front 1

What are the two different types of vitamins?

Back 1

Vitamins can be either fat-soluble or water-soluble. The fat soluble vitamins are vitamins A, D, E, and K. Remember "Fat ADEK". All other vitamins (the various B vitamins, Vitamin C, and others) are water-soluble. To be soluble means that one substance likes to mix in the other substance.

Front 2

What type of vitamin is easier to overdose on, fat-soluble or water-soluble, and why?

Back 2

Because they are stored in fat, fat-soluble vitamins (ADEK) can accumulate in the body and produce a toxic overdose reaction. Water soluble vitamins (All the B vitamins, vitamin C, and others) are eliminated from the body in urine, so it is difficult to overdose on them

Front 3

Name the four main layers of most digestive system organ walls, beginning from the inside.

Back 3

1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Two muscle layers 4. Serosa

Front 4

Describe the mucosa.

Back 4

wrinkled inner layer which secretes mucus and enzymes.

Front 5

Describe the submucosa.

Back 5

Tough, elastic layer containing blood vessels and nerves.

Front 6

Describe the muscle layers in the intestinal wall

Back 6

They are made of smooth, involuntary muscle. The two layers are criss-crossed to provide both squeeze and propulsion to move the food along.

Front 7

Describe the serosa.

Back 7

Thin outer layer that is slightly slippery and thus lets the organs not stick to each other in the body cavity.

Front 8

Name of opening where pancreatic juices and bile from gallbladder dump into duodenum

Back 8

Ampulla of Vater

Front 9

Although the pancreas makes at least 15 different enzymes/substances, they fall into 4 general classes. Name them.

Back 9

1. Amylase 2. Lipase 3. Protease 4. Alkaline substances.

Front 10

What is the role of amylase?

Back 10

To break down complex carbohydrates (long chains of sugars) into disacharrides (double sugars)

Front 11

What is the role of protease?

Back 11

To split proteins into peptides (short chains of amino acids) and amino acids.

Front 12

What is the role of lipase?

Back 12

To break down triglycerides (fats) into 2 fatty acids and a monoglyceride.

Front 13

What is the role of the alkaline substances?

Back 13

Alkaline substances such as bicarbonate neutralize the acidity of the chyme coming from the stomach. This protects the duodenal mucosa from being harmed by the acidity of the chyme.

Front 14

What happens on the cell membrane of a jejunal mucosa cell?

Back 14

Disaccharides (double sugars) are split into monosaccharides (single sugars) and transported into the cell interior. Peptides (small chains of amino acids) are split into single or double amino acids and are transported into the cell interior. Single fatty acids just pass right through the cell membrane into the cell interior.

Front 15

What nutrients go into the capillaries?

Back 15

Sugars, amino acids, and simple fats go into the capillaries.

Front 16

What nutrients go into the lacteals?

Back 16

Some of the fatty acids that go into the mucosal cell interior are rebuilt into larger triglycerides and packaged to go into the lacteals ("capillaries" of the lymphatic system.)