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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fluorescein dye:
Orange-yellow dye that turns green under cobalt-blue or fluorescent light Detects epithelial defects of the corneal and conjunctival surface Avoid in ____ ________ lenses |
Fluorescein dye
Orange-yellow dye that turns green under cobalt-blue or fluorescent light Detects epithelial defects of the corneal and conjunctival surface Avoid in soft contact lenses |
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Use in ophthalmoscopy, refraction
Paralyzes iris sphincter (mydriasis) and accommodation (cycloplegia) Tropicamide, cyclopentolate, homatropine, scopolamine, atropine |
Mydriatics: cholinergic-blocking agents
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Side effects of Mydriatics: cholinergic-blocking agents
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nausea, vomiting, pallor, vasomotor collapse
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Stimulates pupillary dilator muscle
No cycloplegia effect Phenylephrine 2.5% Often used in conjunction with tropicamide |
Mydriatics: adrenergic-stimulating agents
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SE of Mydriatics: adrenergic-stimulating agents
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increases blood pressure
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SE of Decongestants: adrenergic-stimulating like Naphazoline, phenylephrine, tetrahydrozaline
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overuse, rebound vasodilation of conjunctival vessels, acute angle closure glaucoma
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SE of corticosteroids
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cataract, glaucoma
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MC ulcer cause in contact lens wearers
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pseudomonas (gm-neg)
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What type of glaucoma drugs?
Timolol, levobunolol, metapranolol, carteolol Reduces aqueous humor production Side effects: bronchospasm, bradycardia, hypotension |
Beta-adrenergic blockers – nonselective
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Example of Beta-adrenergic blockers – beta-1 selective drug
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Betaxolol
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What do Adrenergic-stimulating Drugs (Sympathomimetics) like
Epinephrine, dipivefrin do for glaucoma? |
Increases aqueous outflow
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SE of sympathomimetics?
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tachycardia, arrhythmias, follicular conjunctivitis, headache
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What do Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Acetazolamide, methazolamide, dorzolamide do for glaucoma? |
Decreases aqueous production
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SE of CA inhibitors?
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paresthesias, anorexia, GI disturbances, headache, altered taste and smell, Na and K depletion, renal calculi, bone marrow suppression
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What do Alpha-2 selective agonist
Apraclonidine, brimonidine do for glaucoma? |
Increases uveoscleral outflow, decreases aqueous production
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SE of alpha agonists
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oral dryness, burning, stinging, fatigue, drowsiness
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What do Prostaglandins
Latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost do for glaucoma? |
Increases uveoscleral outflow
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SE of prostaglandins?
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conjunctival hyperemia, hyperpigmentation of iris and skin, thickened lashes
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What do Hyperosmotic agents
Glycerine, isosorbide, mannitol do for glaucoma? |
Reduces IOP by creating and osmotic gradient between blood and intraocular fluid
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SE of hyperosmotic agents?
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nausea, vomiting, dehydration, arrhythmia
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SE of steroids
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Posterior subcapsular cataract
Glaucoma |
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SE of Chloroquines, Hydroxychloroquines
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Corneal deposits (glare, photophobia)
Retinopathy – “bull’s-eye maculopathy |
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SE of Digitalis
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Blurred vision
Chromatopsia – yellow discoloration White halos, “frosted” image |
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SE of amiodarone
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Corneal whorl-shaped deposits
Optic neuropathy – decr vision, optic disc swelling |
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SE of Biphosphonates
Pamidronate, alendronate, etidronate, risedronate, clodronate |
Conjunctivitis, scleritis, uveitis
Symptoms of red eye, photophobia, decreased vision, deep “boring” eye pain |
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SE of Diphenylhydantoin
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Dose-related cerebellar-vestibular effects, i.e., gaze-evoked nystagmus, vertigo, ataxia, diplopia
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SE of Ethambutol
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Dose-related optic neuropathy
Visual loss may be permanent |
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SE of Sildenafil (Viagra), Tadalifil (Cialis)
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Color vision impairment, “blue color tinge”
Optic neuropathy |
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SE of Topiramate (Topomax)
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Induced acute angle-closure glaucoma
Acute eye pain, redness, blurred vision, halos around lights |
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Never use ________ or ____________ to dilate the pupil for a fundus exam
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Never use atropine or scopolomine to dilate the pupil for a fundus exam
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