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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where in the eye will you not get cancer?
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lens
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causes of cataracts
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Congenital
Age-related changes Trauma Inflammation Corticosteroids |
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3 types of cataracts
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Subcapsular
Cortical Nuclear Mature Morgagnian |
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cataract cortex liquefies to form a milky white fluid
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Morgagnian
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Nuclear sclerotic cataracts affect which more?
distance VA or near VA |
distance VA
(Increased refractive power causes a myopic shift which improves near vision—second sight phenomenon) |
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Posterior subcapsular cataracts affect which more?
near VA or distance VA |
near VA
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Most frequent cause of blindness in African-Americans
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Glaucoma
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Normal IOP is ______
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10 to 21 mmHg
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Types of glaucoma
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Chronic or primary open angle glaucoma (COAG)
Normal tension Acute angle closure Chronic narrow angle Steroid-response Neovascular Pigmentary Pseudoexfoliation Traumatic/angle recession |
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Most common form of glaucoma
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Chronic or primary open angle glaucoma (COAG)
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Risk factors for COAG
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Age
African-american Elevated intraocular pressure Increased cup to disc ratio Family history |
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Symptoms of COAG
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-usually none, until advanced
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splinter hemorrhages may be sign of normal_________ glaucoma.
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tension
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Criteria for ophthalmologic referral for glaucoma check
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Referral for
Cup to disc ratio > 0.5 Cup to disc asymmetry between eyes of more than 0.1 (e.g. 0.4 OD and 0.2 OS) |
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In the US, ________ ___________ ______ ________ ________ is the leading cause of irreversible central visual loss (20/200 or worse) among people age 50 or older
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In the US, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible central visual loss (20/200 or worse) among people age 50 or older
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-hyaline nodules deposited in Bruch’s membrane which separates Retinal pigmnt epithelium from the choroid
Hard-small, discrete Soft-irregular, indistinct edges |
Drusen
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”wet” AMD
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Choroidal neovascularization-
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Amsler grid testing-metamorphopsia?
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the grid gets wavy = AMD
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When to refer for suspected AMD
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Recent onset decreased vision
Recent onset metamorphopsia Recent onset scotoma |
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Tx for dry AMD
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Diet rich in green and yellow vegetables; lutein
AREDS’ formulation vitamin-vitamin C, vitamin E, beta carotene, zinc, cupric oxide |
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Tx for wet AMD
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Laser photocoagulation
Intravitreal injections-macugen, lucentis |
