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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the major waste products involved in the excretory system.
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Protein and nucleic acid degredation leads to the production of nitrogenous wastes such as ammonia (NH3), urea and uric acid.
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State the major finction of the kidneys
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regulates the volume of the body fluids and their osmotic and ionic content.
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The renal artery and vein enter and leave the kidney above the ureter in a regoin called the ______.
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Hilum
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Each nephron ends in a blind sac called the ________.
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Bowman's Capsule
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Describe the differences between the left and right renal arteries and veins.
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The left renal artery and right renal vein are both shorter than their counterparts. The left renal vein crosses below the superior meseteric artery.
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The Bowman's capsules are found in what part of the kidney.
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The cortex contains the Bowman's capsules.
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The medullary pyramids contains collecting ducts which discharge urine into the _______.
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Urine flows from the renal papilla to the renal calyx and then into the renal pelvis.
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What are the three regions of the nephron after the Bowman's capsule?
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Proximal Convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle (ascending and descending) Distal Convoluted tubule |
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Briefly state the function of renin.
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The kidneys produce renin which helps regulate fluid balance and blood pressure.
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This is a cluster of capillaries positioned within the cuplike Bowman's capsule.
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Glomerulus
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These nephrons have particularly long loops of Henle.
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Juxtamedullary nephrons have large glomeruli and loops of Henle which extend into the medulla
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The more numerous type of nephron is
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the cortical nephron makes up 85% of all nephrons. They have relatively small glomeruli and are located almost entirely in the cortex
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What function do juxtamedullary nephrons serve?
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These nephrons help concentrate urine.
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Conserving water in the body is achieved by excreting urine that is (hypertonic or hypotonic) to body fluids.
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Hypertonic to body fluids.
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Small branches of the renal artery are called
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Afferent arterioles
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The descending portion of the loop of Henle is said to be _____ while the ascending portions are _____.
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Descending - thin
Ascending - thick |
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The renal corpuscle is made up of...
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The Bowman's capsule and glomerulus
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The holes of the glomerular capillaries are called
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Fenestrae
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Describe what are podocytes.
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The epithelium of the Bowman's capsule is modified into special cell which have long finger-like processes with slits in between them through which the fluid filters.
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List the three main functions of the nephron.
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Filtration
Reabsorption Secretion |
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This pressure forces fluid from the globermulus into the Bowman's capsule. GIve the name and pressure number.
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High blood arterial pressure - +60 mmHg
(glomerular pressure) |
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Name the four main parts of filtrate.
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Water
Ions Glucose small proteins |
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What is the rate of filteration per minute? per day?
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Filtration rate for both kidneys is 125ml/min or 180 liters per day
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Name (with measurements) the two pressures that oppose the high blood arterial pressure.
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Bowman's capsule pressure = -18mmHg
Glomerular colloid osmotic pressure = -32mmHg |
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What is the net filtration pressure?
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+10 mmHg (into the nephron)
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Most of the filtrate is reabsorbed here.
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Proximal & Distal tubules
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This part of the nephron has microvilli on the luminal side
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Proximal convoluted tubule
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Efferent arterioles take blood from ____ to ____,
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Efferent arterioles take blood from the glomerulus to the peritubular capillaries.
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