Kidneys

Front 1

The urinary system consists of ______, ureters, bladder and urethra

Back 1

kidneys

Front 2

The urinary system consists of kidneys, ______, bladder and urethra

Back 2

ureters

Front 3

The urinary system consists of kidneys, ureters, ______ and urethra

Back 3

bladder

Front 4

The urinary system consists of kidneys, ureters, bladder and ______.

Back 4

urethra

Front 5

The ______ system consists of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

Back 5

urinary

Front 6

What is the most important function of the kidney?

Back 6

homeostatic regulation of the water and ion concentration of the blood

Front 7

Functions of the kidneys
Regulation of ______cellular fluid volume

Back 7

extra

Front 8

When extracellular fluid vol decreases blood pressure also ______.

Back 8

decreases

Front 9

If vol. and blood pressure fall too low what happens?

Back 9

cannot maintain adequate blood flow to brain and other organs

Front 10

Kidneys work with ______.

Back 10

cadiovascular system

Front 11

Functions of the kidneys
Regulation of os______.

Back 11

osmolarity

Front 12

kidneys integrated with behavior such as ______ to maintain blood osmolarity at a value close to 290 mOsM.

Back 12

thirst

Front 13

kidneys integrated with behavior such as thirst to maintain blood osmolarity at a value close to kidneys integrated with behavior such as thirst to maintain blood osmolarity at a value close to ______ mOsM.

Back 13

290 mOsM.

Front 14

Functions of the kidneys:
Maintainance of ______ balance

Back 14

ion

Front 15

The kidneys keep conc. of ______ within a normal range by balancing dietary intake with urinary loss.

Back 15

key ions

Front 16

________ is the major ion involved in regulation of extracellular fluid vol. and osmolarity.

Back 16

sodium ion

Front 17

______ and calcium concentrations are also closely regulated.

Back 17

Potassium

Front 18

Potassium and ______ concentrations are also closely regulated.

Back 18

calcium

Front 19

FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEY:
Homeostatic regulation of ______

Back 19

pH

Front 20

If extracellular fluid too acidic, the kidneys remove ______ and conserve bicarbonate, which act as a buffer.

Back 20

H+

Front 21

If extracellular fluid too acidic, the kidneys remove H+ and conserve ______, which act as a buffer.

Back 21

bicarbonate

Front 22

If extracellular fluid too acidic, the kidneys remove H+ and conserve bicarbonate, which act as a ______.

Back 22

buffer

Front 23

If ______ ______ too acidic, the kidneys remove H+ and conserve bicarbonate, which act as a buffer.

Back 23

extracellular fluid

Front 24

When extracellular fluid becomes too alkaline, kidneys remove ______ ions and conserve H ions.

Back 24

bicarbonate ions

Front 25

When extracellular fluid becomes too alkaline, kidneys remove bicarbonate ions and conserve ______ ions.

Back 25

H ions

Front 26

When extracellular fluid becomes too ______, kidneys remove bicarbonate ions and conserve H ions.

Back 26

alkaline

Front 27

The kidneys (do/do not) pH disturbances as rapidly as lungs do.

Back 27

do not

Front 28

FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEYS:
excretion of ______ and foreign substances

Back 28

wastes

Front 29

2 types of wastes:
______ of metabolism and foreign substances, such as drugs and environmental toxins.

Back 29

by-products

Front 30

2 types of wastes:
by-products of metabolism and ______, such as drugs and environmental toxins.

Back 30

foreign substances

Front 31

Metabolic wastes include ______ from muscle metabolism.

Back 31

creatinine

Front 32

Metabolic wastes include creatinine from ______ metabolism.

Back 32

muscle

Front 33

Metabolic wastes include nitrogenous wastes ______ and uric acid.

Back 33

urea

Front 34

Metabolic wastes include nitrogenous wastes urea and ______ acid.

Back 34

uric acid.

Front 35

Yellow color of urine the result of:

Back 35

urobilinogen, a metabolite of Hb

Front 36

saccharin is removed by:

Back 36

kidneys

Front 37

anion benzoate removed by:

Back 37

kidneys

Front 38

FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEY
Production of H______

Back 38

Hormones

Front 39

important role in 3 endocrine pathways: ______, renin, and renal enzymes.

Back 39

erythropoietin

Front 40

important role in 3 endocrine pathways: erythropoietin, ______, and renal enzymes.

Back 40

renin

Front 41

important role in 3 endocrine pathways: erythropoietin, renin, and _______ enzymes.

Back 41

renal enzymes

Front 42

erythropoietin function:

Back 42

cyto/hormone that regulates RBC synthesis

Front 43

renin function:

Back 43

regs. hormone production involved in sodium balance
and BP homeostasis.

Front 44

renal enzymes function:

Back 44

converts vit D3 into a hormone that regs Ca2+ balance

Front 45

you must lose approximately ______ of kidney function befpre homeostasis is affected

Back 45

3/4

Front 46

What happens to the Resting membrane potential of a neuron if extracellular K+ levels decrease?

Back 46

hyperpolarizes membrane and makes the neuron less likely to fire an AP in response to a stimulus that would normally be above the threshold.

Front 47

The urinary system consists of ______, ureters, bladder and urethra.

Back 47

kidneys

Front 48

The urinary system consists of kidneys, ______, bladder and urethra.

Back 48

ureters

Front 49

The urinary system consists of kidneys, ureters, ______ and urethra.

Back 49

bladder

Front 50

The urinary system consists of kidneys, ureters, bladder and ______.

Back 50

urethra.

Front 51

The ______ system consists of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.

Back 51

urinary

Front 52

In the first step in urine production, ______ and solutes move from plasma into nephrons.

Back 52

water

Front 53

In the first step in urine production, water and solutes move from ______ into nephrons.

Back 53

plasma

Front 54

Each nephron has both ______ elements and tubular elements.

Back 54

vascular

Front 55

Each nephron has both vascular elements and ______ elements.

Back 55

tubular

Front 56

Arterial blood arriving at a nephron passes from the ______ arteriole into the glomerulus.

Back 56

afferent arteriole

Front 57

Arterial blood arriving at a nephron passes from the afferent arteriole into the ______.

Back 57

glomerulus

Front 58

Where are glomeruli located?

Back 58

cortex of kidney

Front 59

blood leaving glomerulus flows into an ______,

Back 59

efferent arteriole

Front 60

after the efferent arteriole it then enters ______.

Back 60

peritubular capillaries

Front 61

Long capillaries that dip into the medulla are part of the ______.

Back 61

vasa recta

Front 62

Fluid moves outof the tubule and back into blood as it passes thru the peritubular capillaries and ______ recta.

Back 62

vasa recta

Front 63

Exits the kidney thru what?

Back 63

renal vein

Front 64

TUBULAR ELEMENTS OF THE KIDNEY:
Begins with

Back 64

Bowman's capsule

Front 65

combination of Bowman'capsule and glomerulus is called what?

Back 65

renal corpuscle

Front 66

From Bowman's capsule filtered fluid flows into the ______.

Back 66

proximal tubule

Front 67

After the proximal tubule it flows to ______,

Back 67

loop of Henle

Front 68

loop of Henle is divided in 2 limbs, ______ and descending limbs.

Back 68

ascending

Front 69

In descending limb, flow goes into medulla, T/F.

Back 69

T

Front 70

In ascending limb, flow goes back into cortex. T/F

Back 70

T

Front 71

Fluid leaving the loop of Henle goes into the ______.

Back 71

distal tubule

Front 72

What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Back 72

where the tubule twists and folds back on itself.

Front 73

key feature of autoregulation?

Back 73

proximity of tubule and arterioles which allows paracrine communication between the structures.

Front 74

Distal tubules drain into a single ______.

Back 74

collecting duct

Front 75

The distal tubules and collecting duct together form what?

Back 75

distal nephron

Front 76

What happens to the Resting membrane potential of a neuron if extracellular K+ levels decrease?

Back 76

hyperpolarizes membrane and makes the neuron less likely to fire an AP in response to a stimulus that would normally be above the threshold.

Front 77

The urinary system consists of ______, ureters, bladder and urethra.

Back 77

kidneys

Front 78

The urinary system consists of kidneys, ______, bladder and urethra.

Back 78

ureters

Front 79

The urinary system consists of kidneys, ureters, ______ and urethra.

Back 79

bladder

Front 80

The urinary system consists of kidneys, ureters, bladder and ______.

Back 80

urethra.

Front 81

The ______ system consists of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.

Back 81

urinary

Front 82

In the first step in urine production, ______ and solutes move from plasma into nephrons.

Back 82

water

Front 83

In the first step in urine production, water and solutes move from ______ into nephrons.

Back 83

plasma

Front 84

Each nephron has both ______ elements and tubular elements.

Back 84

vascular

Front 85

Each nephron has both vascular elements and ______ elements.

Back 85

tubular

Front 86

Arterial blood arriving at a nephron passes from the ______ arteriole into the glomerulus.

Back 86

afferent arteriole

Front 87

Arterial blood arriving at a nephron passes from the afferent arteriole into the ______.

Back 87

glomerulus

Front 88

Where are glomeruli located?

Back 88

cortex of kidney

Front 89

blood leaving glomerulus flows into an ______,

Back 89

efferent arteriole

Front 90

after the efferent arteriole it then enters ______.

Back 90

peritubular capillaries