Kidneys

Front 1

Coverings

Back 1

A fatty mass that surrounds the kidney and cushions it against blows.

Front 2

Fibrous Capsule

Back 2

A transparent capsule that prevents infections in surrounding
regions from spreading to the kidney.

Front 3

Renal Corpuscle

Back 3

The glomerular capsule and enclosed glomerulus, collectively; filter blood

Front 4

Proximal Convoluted Tubes

Back 4

Portion of the renal tubule nearest the glomerular capsule.
Plays a role in filtrate processing; Reabsorption of Na+, most nutrients (glucose, amino acids,
vitamins), Cations (K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, etc.). Cl-, HCO3-, H2O, Lipid soluble solutes, Urea and small proteins

Front 5

Distal Convoluted Tubes

Back 5

Portion of the renal tubule most distant from the glomerular
capsule. Plays a role in filtrate processing; Reabsorb Na+ (regulated by aldosterone), Cl- (cotransported with
Na+), Ca2+ reabsorption (regulated by PTH)

Front 6

Loops of Henle (general)

Back 6

Portion of the renal tubule between the PCT and DCT. Plays a role in filtrate processing: (Decending) Freely permeable to H2O * Not permeable to NaCl * Filtrate becomes more concentrated as water leaves by osmosis (Ascending) impermeable to H2O * Permeable to NaCl * Filtrate becomes more
dilute as salt is reabsorbed

Front 7

Columns

Back 7

Inward extensions of cortical tissue that separates the renal
pryamids.

Front 8

Loops of Henle (as relates to the medulla)

Back 8

Part of the juxtamedullary nephron, they extend deep into the
medulla and play a role in creating concentrated urine.

Front 9

Collecting Ducts

Back 9

Duct which receives filtrate from many nephrons; found
running through the medullary pryamids, giving them their
striped appearance; H2O reabsorption via aquaporins regulated by ADH * Na+
reabsorption & K+ secretion regulated by aldosterone * H+ &
HCO3- reabs/Sec to maintain blood pH * Urea reabsorption
increased by ADH

Front 10

Calyces Major

Back 10

Branching extensions of the renal pelvis; function is to collect
urine.

Front 11

Calyces Minor

Back 11

Cup shaped areas which enclose the papilla of the renal
pyramids. Function is to collect urine and funnel it into the
major calyces.

Front 12

Pelvic

Back 12

A funnel shaped tube, continuous with the ureter leaving the
hilum.

Front 13

Aorta

Back 13

Feeds the renal arteries.

Front 14

Renal Artery

Back 14

Branches off of aorta and divides into five segmental arteries
as it approaches each kidney.

Front 15

Segmental Artery

Back 15

Branch of arteries between the renal artery and the interlobar
artery.

Front 16

Interlobar Artery

Back 16

Branch of arteries between the segmental arteries and the
arcuate arteries.

Front 17

Arcuate Artery

Back 17

Branch of arteries between the interlobar arteries and the
cortical radiate arteries; found between the renal cortex and
renal medulla.

Front 18

Cortical Radiate Artery

Back 18

Radiate out from the arcuate arteries to supply the cortical
tissue.

Front 19

Afferent Arteriole

Back 19

Branch out from the cortical radiate arteries to feed the
glomerulus; specialized for filtration.

Front 20

Glomerulus

Back 20

Cluster of capillaries forming part of the nephron; forms filtrate.

Front 21

Efferent Arteriole

Back 21

Drain the glomeruli into the peritubular capillaries; primary role is reabsorption.

Front 22

Peritubular Capillaries

Back 22

Arise from the efferent arterioles draining the glomeruli and
empty into interlobular veins; Low pressure, porous capillaries that readily absorb solutes and
water from the (PCT) tubule cells as these substances are
reclaimed from the filtrate

Front 23

Vasa recta

Back 23

Found in the medullary area in conjunction with juxtamedullary
nephrons; important in producing concentrated urine; Freely permeable to Water and NaCl * As vasa recta move deeper
into Medulla, they lose water and blood becomes more
concentrated * As they move out of the medulla, they “pick up”
water that was lost both by themselves, and the Filtrate * Important
in creating concentrtaed Urine

Front 24

Cortical Radiate Vein

Back 24

Vein receiving blood draining from the renal cortex.

Front 25

Arcuate Vein

Back 25

Branch of vein between cortical radiate vein and interlobar vein.

Front 26

Interlobar Vein

Back 26

Branch of vein between arcuate vein and renal vein.

Front 27

Renal Vein

Back 27

Branch of vein between interlobar vein and inferior vena cava.

Front 28

Inferior Vena Cava

Back 28

Vein receiving blood draining from the renal veins and
returning it to the heart.

Front 29

Glomerulus

Back 29

Tuft of capillaries surrounded by glomerular capsule; involved
in the formation of filtrate.

Front 30

Glomerular Capsule (Bowman's Capsule)

Back 30

Tissue tightly surrounding glomerulus.

Front 31

Proximal Convoluted Tubes

Back 31

Portion of the renal tubule nearest the glomerular capsule.
Plays a role in filtrate processing.

Front 32

Distal Convoluted Tubes

Back 32

Portion of the renal tubule most distant from the glomerular
capsule. Plays a role in filtrate processing.

Front 33

Loops of Henle

Back 33

Portion of the renal tubule between the PCT and DCT. Plays a role in filtrate processing.