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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the outermost covering of the kidney called?
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capsule
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Where are the kidneys located?
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retroperitoneal space
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What is the entrance into the kidney called?
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hilum
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Which structure is the first to collect urine?
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calyx
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Where does each minor calyx receive urine from?
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renal papillae
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What are the renal pyramids located within?
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medulla
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What is the striated appearance of the pyramids caused by?
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microtubules
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What is the basic functional unit of the kidney?
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nephron
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What does the bone marrow secrete for the purpose of stimulating bone marrow activity?
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erythropoietin
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What enzyme-hormone do the kidneys secrete which raises blood pressure?
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renin
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What is the function of the renal system? (6)
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1. regulation of extracellular fluid volume
2. regulation of osmolarity 3. maintenance of ion balance 4. homeostatic regulation of pH 5. excretion of wastes and foreign substances 6. production of hormones |
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How much of the cardiac output passes through the kidneys?
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25%
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Which blood vessel delivers blood to the cortex?
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interlobular artery
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The renal corpuscle is comprised of a glomerulus and...
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Bowman's capsule
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Which section of the nephron follows the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
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distal convoluted tubule
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What is the last part of the nephron?
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collecting duct
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Which area actually secretes renin into the blood?
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juxtaglomerular cells
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Which blood vessels surround the loop of Henle?
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vasa recta
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Which process is most affected by blood pressure?
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glomerular filtration
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Which muscle metabolism waste product is eliminated by the kidneys?
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creatinine
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Which ion is reabsorbed in exchange for sodium?
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potassium
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What is the average glomerular filtration rate?
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180 L/day
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Approximately how much urine is formed in 24 hours?
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1.5 L
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What does renin act on to convert it to angiotensin I?
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angiotensinogen
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The targets of angiotensin II are blood vessels and...
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adrenal cortex
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Tubular reabsorption occurs from the nephron tubules into the...
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peritubular capillaries
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Most tubular reabsorption occurs at the...
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proximal convoluted tubule
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Where are most microvilli found?
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proximal convoluted tubule
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What is the action of aldosterone?
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sodium reabsorption
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How much sodium is actively reabsorbed by the proximal segment of the nephron?
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70%
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The countercurrent multiplier mechanism occurs at the...
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loop of Henle
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The fluid in the descending limb of the loop of Henle is... relative to the capillaries.
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hypertonic
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What is the function of the countercurrent multiplier?
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increase the concentration of NaCl
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What affect does ADH have on urine output?
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decreases
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Where does ADH have its greatest effect?
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distal convoluted tubule
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Eating large amounts of meat will increase the levels of... in the blood.
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urea
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Uric acid results from... metabolism.
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purine
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Renal secretion of a compound usually occurs from the... into the distal convoluted tubule.
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peritubular capillaries
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The compound used to assess the function of the kidney at the level of the glomerulus is...
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inulin
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Vigorous exercise could release high amounts of... into the urine.
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albumin
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What causes urine to flow from the kidneys to the bladder?
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peristalsis
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What is the mucosa of the bladder comprised of?
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transitional epithelium
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Where is the micturition reflex centered in?
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sacral cord
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