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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 7 functions of the kidney?
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Excrete harmful waste: Urea, Creatinine, Uric Acid
Reabsorb Essential Substances: Glucose, Bicarb, AA, Na Maintain Acid/base Hydroxylase Vit D Maintain Vascular Tone (renin) Produce EPO |
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Nephritic Syndrome
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Protein > 150mg but less than 3,500mg/24hours
Damage to GBM; nonselective proteinuria with loss of albumin and globulins |
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Nephrotic Syndrome
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>3,500mg of protein/24hours
Selective Proteinuria with only the loss of albumin |
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What is the normal BUN?
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7-18mg/dl
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T/F Urea is partly reabsorbed in the PCT?
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True
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What is the BUN dependent upon?
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GFR, Protein intake or break down, Proximal tubule reabsorption
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Most common cause of increased serum BUN
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CHF (decrease GFR)
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What is the normal Creatinine?
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(0.6-1.2)
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Where does on get creatinine?
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End product of Creatine in muscle
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Creatinine is filtered in the kidney but not....
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reabsorbed or secreted
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What should the BUN/Cr ratio be?
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Less than 15
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Azotemia
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Increase in BUN/Cr in the serum
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How does one break Azotemia up?
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Prerenal, Renal, Postrenal
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Name 2 pathologies that will cause Prerenal azotemia?
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Blood loss, CHF
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Why does BUN go up more than Cr during Prerenal Azotemia?
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First the urea is being made quicker than the creatinine, but also the urea can be reabsorbed while the Cr can not.
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What is the BUN:Cr level with someone with CHF/Blood loss?
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>15
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normal BUN:Cr is
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<15
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What is the BUN:Cr ratio with someone with a renal disease?
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<15 (normal)
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What are some examples of someone with a renal azotemia?
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Acute tubular necrosis, Chronic Renal failure
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What is the BUN:Cr level in someone with postrenal Azotemia?
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>15
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Name some examples of Post Renal Azotemia?
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Prostate hyperplasia, Blockage of ureters by stones/cancer
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Oval Fat Bodies
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Nephrotic Syndrome
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RBC cast
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Nephritic type of Glomerulonephritis
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WBC cast
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Acute Pyelonephritis
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Waxy Cast
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Sign of chronic renal Failure
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fusion of the podocytes?
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sign of Nephrotic syndrome
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Focal Glomerulonephritis?
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Only a few Glomeruli are abnormal
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Diffuse Glomerulophritis
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All glomeruli are abnormal
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Proliferative Glomerulonephritis
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>100 nuclei in affected glomeruli
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Membranous Glomerulopathy
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Thick GBM, no proliferative change
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membranoproliferative Glomerulopathy
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Thick GBM, Hypercellular glomeruli
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Focal Segmental glomerulosclerosis?
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Fibrosis involving only a segment of the involved glomerulus
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Crescentric Glomerulonephritis?
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Proliferation of parietal epithelial cells around glomerulus
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Primary glomerular disease
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Involves only glomeruli no other organ (ex minimal change Disease)
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Secondary Glomerular disease?
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Involves glomeruli and other target organs (ex. SLE)
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Fatty cast with maltese crossses?
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Nephrotic Syndrome
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