Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Transformation
|
- genetic alteration of a cell
Results from: uptake, incorporation and expression of genetic material that was taken up through the cell walls. Ex: bacteria. uptake of DNA fragments from environment |
|
|
Transduction
|
the transfer of viral, bacterial (or both) DNA from one cell to another using a bacteriophage vector.
|
|
|
Reduced
|
- When a molecule has gained an electron (reduction is the increase in electrons)
- Half of a Redox reaction, always found in the presence of an oxidation - Oxygen is reduced in the respiratory breakdown of glucose |
|
|
Plasmid
|
- Small Ring of DNA found in many prokaryotes
- Generally contain genes for non essential but beneficial functions such as antibiotic resistance - Replicate independently from cells chromosome - Can be transferred from one prokaryotic cell to another, even cells of different species. Horizontal gene transfer |
|
|
Phototrophs
|
An organism that obtains its energy from light. The energy from light converts CO2 and water into organic materials to be utilizes in cellular functions such as biosynthesis and respiration.
** NEEDS TO BE ADDED TO |
|
|
Nucleoid:
|
- Central region of prokaryotic cell where DNA is localized
- No boundary membrane separates it from the rest of the cytoplasm - DNA replication and RNA transcription occur here |
|
|
Oxidized:
|
- When a molecule has lost an electron (oxidization is the loss of electrons)
- Half of a redox reaction, always found in the presence of a reduction - Refers to the fact that many reactions in which electrons are removed from fuel molecules involve oxygen as the atom that accepts the electrons |
|
|
Peptidoglycan
|
Primary component of bacterial cell walls.
A polymer of sugars and amino acids, which forms linear chains. Peptide cross linkages between the chains give the wall great strength and rigidity. - Difference between gram positive and negative - Penicillin prevents the formation of these cross linkages, resulting in a weak cell wall that is easily ruptured |
