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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ethics
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the attempt to formulate codes and principles for human behaviour that help answer the question "How should we live?"
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Ethical Theories
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attempt to offer a means of resolving ethical and moral problems
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Meta-Ethics
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branch of ethics that is concerned with the meaning of ethical language
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Morality
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difference between good and evil
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Deontological
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based on intentions/means of an action
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Teleological
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the end and goal of an action
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Consequentialist
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judging morality of an action by its consequences
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Utilitarianism
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(ethical theory) the greatest good for the greatest number
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Principle of Utility
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measure of the usefulness or fittingness for purpose, that an action may have
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Act Utilitarianism
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an act that should be performed to promote the greatest good
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Bentham
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(hedonistic) greatest good for the greatest number
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Hedonism
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pleasures
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Hedonic Calculus
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method to measure the pleasure of an action
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Intensity (H.C)
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how great the happiness will be
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Duration (H.C)
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how long it will last
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Certainty (H.C)
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whether its definitely going to happen
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Extent (H.C)
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how many people it will effect
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Propinquity (H.C)
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how soon it will occur
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Fecundity (H.C)
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whether it will produce more happiness in the future
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Purity (H.C)
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whether it will produce any un-happiness in the future
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Mill
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(Bentham's godson) developed utilitarianism, pig in shit quote about Bentham's theory
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Rule Utilitarianism
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actions should be guided by rules that, if everyone followed them, would lead to the greatest overall happiness
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Strong Rule Utilitarianism
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certain rules we agree have instruemental value and should always be kept
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Weak Rule Utilitarianism
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circumstances where some rules may need to be ignored to protect the weak
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Higher Pleasures
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higher order, more things to do with your mind and being with people etc
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Lower Pleasures
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lower order, more bodily pleasure like chocolate, sex, etc
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Negative Utilitarianism
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promoting the least harm
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Preference Utilitarianism
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the morally right action is one that maximizes that satisfaction of the preferences of all those involved
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Singer
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preference utilitarian, animal rights and poverty
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Situation Ethics
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maximise agapeic love (60's)
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Fletcher
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wrote Situation Ethics (SCM) in 1966
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Robinson
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published Honest to God (SCM) in 1963, God not a supernatural being
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Barclay
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criticises Fletcher - only uses extreme cases
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Situationism
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follow rules but set them aside if love is best served by doing so
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Antinomianism
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no fixed rules
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Legalism
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follow rules
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Agape love
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unconditional love for others
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Pragmatism (4 Working Principles)
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proposed course of action should work - success or failure should be judged according to the principle
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Relativism (4 Working Principles)
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rejects absolutes like "never", "always", "perfect" and "complete"
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Positivism (4 Working Principles)
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love is most important criteria
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Personalism (4 Working Principles)
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demands people should be considered first or be the centre of decisions
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6 Propositions
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- love is the only norm
- love only is always good - love and justice are the same, and love is justice disturbed - love is not liking & always wills the neighbour's good - love is the only means - love decides there and then |
