Key Terms Of The Reform Of Religion

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sola scriputra

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word by Scripture alone

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Scholasticism

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use of reason to deepen the understanding of what is believed on faith and ultimately to give a rational content to faith

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simony

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sale of Church positions

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Peace of Augsburg

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during Thirty Years War, each prince gets to determine the religion of his region

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Diet of Worms

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1521 trial of Martin Luther, supposed to recant what he has said, refuses to

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Zwingli

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Swiss reformist, humanist, purify ancient church and reject medieval, mass=remembrance of God and not literal, Switzerland becomes theocracy

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John Calvin

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founder of Calvinists in Geneva, predestination, doesn't believe in sola scriptura, accessible but doctors interpret, conversions

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Council of Trent

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The Catholic Reformation, Italian clergymen, traditional orthodoxy, removes indulgences, pastoral care, rejects Protestantism

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Anne Boleyn

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second wife of Henry VIII, first queen of Anglican England

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Pilgrimage of Grace

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1536 uprising in Northern England against Church of England, greatest threat since War of the Roses

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Anabaptist

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new religion, baptism of adults, heresy to both protestants and catholics

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Jiminez de Cisneros

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archbishop in Spanish inquisition, reorganized Spanish religious life, reason for no protestant movement in Spain

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Inquisition

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Spanish police squad

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Marguerite of Navarre

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accomplished humanist writer, woman, queen of Navarre, sister of King Francis I, protestant, wrote Mirror of the Sinful Soul (1533) inspiring women reformers

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Ignatius Loyola

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Jesuit monk and missionary, use faith to educate and do good works in the world, was a military man, important to Catholic Reformation

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Erasmus

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Christian Humanist, liked Luther in the beginning, never wanted to leave church, satirical writing, 1509 In Praise and Folly

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Johnannes Gutenberg

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inventor of moveable type and printing press, 200 Gutenberg bibles as beautiful as handdrawn and written, 1450s

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Francis Xavier

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Jesuit, 10 years traveled and converted people in Portugal, India and Japan

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Christian Humanism

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text reproduction and evaluation applied to religious documents, better society through education, scholasticism

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justification by faith alone

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sola fide, Lutheran belief

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predestination

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Calvinsim "the elect" conversions, leads to Puritanism

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Catherine of Aragon

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1st wife of Henry VIII, daughter of Ferdinand & Isabella, divorced, Catholic

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Thomas Cranmer

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archbishop of Canterbury under Henry VIII, agrees to anull marriage to Catherine of Aragon and celebrate marriage to Anne Boleyn, English Reformation

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Thomas Cromwell

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created England a separate "empire" apart from Rome under Henry VIII, no longer need the pope, English Reformation

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Moravian Brethren

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Anabaptist communities in Bohemia area

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Thomas a Kempis

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"The Imitation of Christ" (1427), central text of New Piety (Catholic Reformation), simple life with personal devotion

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indulgences

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remission of temporal punishment in Purgatory due to one's sins. Originally granted for performing pious acts, but later acquired through a grant to the church treasury. In the 16th century, indulgences were sold to raise money for the papacy; a critical issue in the Lutheran reformation

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Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

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The Catholic Reformation, missionaries and educators, Ignatius Loyola

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Martin Luther

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95 theses against Church and especially indulgences, would not recant his views at the Diet of Worms, split from Church, created Lutheranism, Lutheran Reformation

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Thomas More

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wrote Utopia, rejected Henry VIII as supreme head of the church of england

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Polyglot Bible

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(spain 1522) bible offered in hebrew, greek & latin

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Carmelities

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Sait Teresa of Avila founds, women must completely withdraw themselves to truly worship, the Catholic Reformation, "The Way to Perfection" (1583), convents in Castile,

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"the elect"

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those who had undergone conversions, predestination, those in power, Calvinism & Puritanism

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Henry VIII

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king of England, six wives, Tudor Age, English Reformation

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Mary I

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Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, returns England to catholicism, dies of cancer

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Elizabeth I

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Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, protestant England, rules 44 years, amazing queen

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New Piety

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The Catholic Reformation

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Capuchins

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founded by Italian peasant Matteo de Bascio, VERY strict path of Saint Assisi, charitable, community for penance and good works, Catholic Reformation

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Ursulines

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1535 Angela Merici founds, chaste young women living with their families

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Mennonites

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Menno Simons forms, Dutch anabaptist